Kunjani UkuKhetha I-Dead End Clamp Ehlukileyo?

Ukuziqonda Kwezinhlobo Zemiklankala Yasekugcineni Nezisebenzo Ezakhiwe Konke

Imiklankala Yesibhakabhaka Ngaphakathi Kwemiklankala Yezinhlangothi: Ukulinganisa Izahluko Zomthwalo Wobuchwepheshe

Imiklankala yesibhakabhaka isebenzisa le ndlela yempilo yokujabulisa njengoba umthwalo uphakeme, isibhakabhaka sijabulisela ngaphezu kwegolide. Isiphumo? Ukuqina okuphumelela kuze kube kangcono kune-90% kwezidingo zokulawula i-conductor ngokwesimo sezimali IEC 61284. Imiklankala yezinhlangothi ihlukile, kudinga ukuseta kwe-torque ekhethekile ukuvela kumthwalo onjalo kule nsimbi. Kusekelwe kuthiwa kuyisikhethi esihle uma kudingeka ukubheka nokulungisa ngokusheshayo. Ubuciko obuthandazwe ngo-2023 bongena iziphumo ezinhle. Imithwalo yesibhakabhaka yaphumelela kabisho nge-15% ngokuhamba kwamandla amahlanu angavundluli emakhanda. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bakhetha izinhlangothi emasipalini amadodana ngoba kungenzeka ukufinyelela nokulungisa lapho kudingeka.

Imiklankala Esiyilwayo Nezinhlangothi Eziningi Kakhulu Kwezisebenzo Zamanje eGrid

Iclamp ezintsha zokugcina eziphakeme zinamandla okuphakama kakhulu angaphandle kwe-polyethylene esihlaziywe ngemithwalo yomphakathi noma izinhlobo ze-XLPE ezingekelwa ukuphakama okuphansi kuka-35 kV. Lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ukukhala kwesikhashana emkhanyanweni wasekunene lapho isitshixo sobhalo sikhona kabusha. Kumaqine ema-high voltage, abayengi bayaqala ukusebenzisa izibhamu zamagalu alangeni amanzi alandelene nezincolo ezingekelwa ukuchithakala okungaphezu kuka-40% kunalokho kubuyekezwa kumagugu angaphambili ngokwembono ye-IEEE 1510-2022. Indlela eyisisha ethile iyinkululeko yokuvila ivibrations ekwakhiweni, lokhu kuyakhula isimo sezinto zokusebenza. Izivikelo zonkolozo zibonisa ukuthi lezi zinto zingasebenze phakathi kwezingu-8 uye kuma-12 ngaphezulu emakhathini aphathelene nezinkinga zokuvila kwindiza ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Aeolian effects.

Izinhlobo Ezilwahlwayo: NY, Straight Line, Loop, ADSS, kanye ne-OPGW

Iziclap ezilwahlwayo zifaka izidingo ezihlukile zokukhula kwebhizinisi:

• Iziclap ze-NY (Nylon) : Izisindo ezingenanto ezihle kakhulu kumadoda we-distribution lines
• Amakhamphu a-ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) : Qinisekisa iifiber-optic cables ngaphandle kwezinto ezinezintliziyo, ukuqinisekisa ukungafani komyalezo
• Amakhamphu a-OPGW (Optical Ground Wire) : Phindanisa isiphazamiso sesiseko sangaphakathi nesiphazamiso esiqinileyo seefiber strands phakathi

Umbuzo wophando oluphambili lwamathuba eziphambili kwizixhobo zokunqanda kwabanye abantu bakhonzi bakhonza bonke bavela ukuba le mithwalo ethile ibe yinkululeko ye-25% emithethweni enobunkunzi yemfumba yokumisa.

Umboniso woxandarha: Isilawuli sialuminum, Istele ethintekayo, neDuctile Iron njengoko kusetyenziswa

Inqanawa yezinklinzi ezigalvanizwayo isakhaziywa njengokuthandakalisa kumasebenzi aphambene ngaphezulu kuka-20 kN, ngelixa izihlengahlenga zezinklinzi zisetyenziswa kwi-95% yezimboni zokwahlukanisa emadulwini ngisho nokuba kunezinkinga ezilandelayo ezingu-2.3:1 yokwehla kumgama. Izinyathelo ezintsha kumaglazi ezingenyelelo ye-zinc-nickel azinzile izikhathi zokuhlengisa emazingeni amandulo (ASTM B633-23).

Ukubala Kwezimali Nezimali Ezidingekayo Zokuphendula

Ukukhazimula Kwezimali Nokusebenza Ngaphansi Kwesihlangu, I-Ayisi, Nezimali Eziguqukayo

Iclamp yesiphelo kumele ibambele izimo eziningi, kufana nesihlangu esine-90 mph kanye ne-1-inch radial ice buildup. Ukukhetha umongo kusenza isiphawu esikhulu ekusebenzeni ngaphansi kwalezi zinkinga:

Isitilini esibhentulayo sithutha 95% yobuchwepheshe bakho ngemuva kwezikhathi ezingu-1,000 zokubekwa kwispray yeshabhu, okukhangelela ukuthi kufanele kusetshenziselwa emakhanda. Emazweni amaphepha, izikhangala ze iron ductile zithatha ngaphansi kuka-1% yokuguqulwa ngokudibanisa izivimba nezinja efanayo no-28 kN/m².

Amastandela Wokuphawula: Ukuhlaziywa Kokuqhuma Nokuvikela Kwesilinganiso Siphakeme Sesilinganiso (IEC, ASTM)

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-IEC 61284 kohlu kudinga izikhangala zokungena ukuhamba kwegcine kwi-120% yesilinganiso esiphephile sokuthutha ngemizuzwana engu-60. ASTM F1554-23 ihlanganisa ukuvikela kwegcine (UTS) ngokusebenzisa ifomula:

F = A _t× S _t
Lapho:

• A _t = Indawo esebenzayo yesilinganiso (mm²)
• S _t = Ubusha bezinhlayiya (MPa)

Umzekelo, isikhangala sesitilini esinobusha be-400 MPa nendawo yesilinganiso ye-50 mm² sithola amandla we-20 kN—okufanele kakhulu kuzinye zonke iindawo ze-33 kV.

Ukulinganisa Kwezimali Zokulahla ACSR, AAC, AAAC, NamaGcina Amadoda

Ukulayisha kahle kwe-load kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uzigobe ngaphandle:

• Izihlanguzi ze-ACSR : Donsela iziqhamo eziqukethe 20–30% ngaphezulu kwe-RTS yesihlanguzi ukuxazulula ukugcinelwa kwesimiso
• Amadala we-Copper/AAC : Donsela izinto ezingenakho ukungabi namandla okuhlangana ngokugambo ukukhuphuka okusuka ekuxhumene kwamandla amabili
• Amakhabeli we-AAAC : Asebenza kangcono ngezinqamuzi ze-aluminum ezithintekileyo ezilayishwe ngokulinganayo kwezinhlangothi zazo ezingama-0.2%

Ngomkhawulo we-150 mm² we-AAAC, isiqhamo se-22-25 kN sinesandla xa kusabalala ngokushisa ku -20°C.

Ukubetha Ukuthunyanwa Kwesihlanguzi Nenqubo Eyangconywayo Yokunqamuzela

Ukufakelana Kwezinqamuzi Zokuphelisa Nezidingo Zesihlanguzi (Aluminum, Copper, ABC)

Kukhona umdaba omkhulu ngokuthi kungani ukuthi iklampu nezixhumanisi zifakiwe ngendlela efanele. Uma kusebenziswa iluminiyamini endala yokuphakama, abasebenzisi kudinga iklampu ezinokuba neziphansi eziphezulu ngama-20% njengalokhu iluminiyamini iphakama kangakanani xa isethenziswa ku-40 degrees Celsius, okungaba ngu-2.3 millimeters per meter. Kwi-ABC systems, iklampu engcono kumele ibambe kabili: ikonkothi yekonkothi yangaphandle nokugcina okwamanje, ngaphandle kokwenza uhlelo olukhethekile. Ingxoxo ye-EPRI ekhuthazwe ngo-2023 yabonisa into ethandabuzayo futhi: umbili ngamashumi amahlanu wemfazwana yeziklambi ivutha ngasimiso ngokungahambelani kwamakhemikali. Le nkinga iyaphilisa kakhulu emagodini aphakade uma umoya ophuthayo ongaphakathi kwezinja zokubhulwa zisabela izinto ezinzulu zomthwalo we-aluminum, okunquma ubuhlungu obungafuni manje.

Ubunjingili bokudonsela Phakathi Kwezixhumanisi Eziningi Nezixhumanisi Ezibambene

Xhaphakuxa izixhumanisi eziphansi kakhulu (phakathi kwe-12 ukuya ku-45 iphesenti yokugcina ngokufutshane) zizimelela ngaphezu kwezinketho ezimbili, iziklambi zamanje kudinga ukulawula uhla lwediameta ngu- plus noma minus 1.5 mm. Ngokwemithetho yase-TÜV Rheinland engu-2024, iziklambi ezinamandla okuguqulwa ayenza amandla okusimisa ngama-32 iphesenti ngendlela ephambene nezimodi ezigcine amandla. Okuqukethwe kakhulu kukuthi zazi ukugcina amandla konke, zibambe ama-99.4 iphesenti ngokwembono ye-IEC 61238. Kodwa xa kusekelwa embangweni, akukho lutho olunye olubangela izinhlayezo ezihlanjwayo. Ukudala kwazo kwehlukile kakhulu xa kusekelwa embangeni wemitholampilo ethintana njenge-aluminum clad steel, apho iziklambi ezijwayelekile zizophazanyiswa izixhumanisi.

Ukuhlola Inhlotshelo Yomphakathi Nokuphila Kude

Ukuchithwa, Umvushane, Nenhliziyo ye-UV Emasatshini Nezindawo Zokunyanta

Amaklampu ebhokisi efunwe emlonyeni kanye nezindawo ezindunyisayo zihlala ihlala ikhululwa kumoya wamanzi anesalatha, ubushane besalatha, nokulahlekelwa kwamandla okubona. Izivikelo zibonisa amaklampu alandelwe ngemitholampilo yethaljha enezikhungo zegalevanizing zingasebenze ngama-98.5 kabili kakhulu ekupheleni komoya wesalatha njengoko kuchazwe kwi-ASTM B117. Ngakuleso sikhathi, ubude bokukhula kwe-thaljha kuyakhula kahle noma kube khona umlonyo ngaphezu kuka-90% ngemva yokudla. Amaklampu atholakala ngokuthi ayedwa ngamapolimela ethuthile kwe-UV ayasebenza ngama-30% angaphandle kulezo zindawo ezidala kakhulu, ezimbilini apho izweleli lihlala libonakala konke usuku. Idatha yesimiso enguqukayo ibonisa ukuthi lokho kuphela kokukhetha izimboni ezifanelekileyo kuzindawo zazo kusungula ukuba kudingeka kubuyiselwe ngama-60% emazingeni apho kunezinkinga ezikhulu.

Ukukhetha Kwemitholampilo Ukugcinwa Kude Ngaphansi Kwesimiso

Amaklampu ezenzulwane ezithuthiyiwe ngokwenza kakhulu ayizinkinga kancane kakhulu, futhi kuzo zonke izindawo eziphathelene ne-pH phakathi kuka-4 kuze kube ngu-9. Uma amabhange akha amahlaka e-aluminum zinc alloy endala, lezi zinto zingasebenza kahle futhi emaphakathini aphephile kangangokuphansi kuka-pH 3 kuze kube ngu-11. I-ductile iron inikeza okunye ukubuyiselana kumaqashaza ethile ngoba isebenza kahle kumkhuba, ngezimali ezingu-350 MPa. Futhi, umgodi walo we-graphite unakekela ukuthi amathambo angaphelelwa emaphakathini apholile kakhulu. Amamodeli amasha kangaka manje anamasele esilicone angcine amanzi, okunika uhlelo mkhulu ngoba amakhanga konke akhazimula khona ngoba akhazimulwa khona. Izobuchwepheshe zibonisa ukuthi lokhu ukukhazimulwa kakhona kugcina ama-83% wokukhazimulwa konke emaphakathini apholile kakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukufaneleka NgeziNtando ZeVeki Nokuhlanzela KokuFaka

Amastandela ase-IEC, IEEE, ASTM, ne-NF ngendlela yokuphepha kwezinhlelo zezikhalo nezamanzi

Ukubophelela kwemithetho yasendleleni kusisiza ekugcineni ubunzima bokusebenza nokuphepha kwebhhasi. Kuzizikhathi ezibalulekile kufana no-IEC 61284 (amaphako eziphazini), IEEE 524 (ukulawula ukuvibrata), ne-ASTM F855 (imithwalo yesilinganiso). Amakhampu atholakala ngu-IEC achaza ukuncipha kungaphezu kwemigudu engu-5% ngenkathi kuchazwa ngokusho kwe-ASTM F1558-22 phakathi komlilo nomkhwebo (¥25 kN).

Ukubhaliswa kwamathuba okunye njenge-ISO 9001 kuthembisa ubumnandi obuphathelene bezemfundo, ngelikasikhathi ukuchazwa kwe-NF C 33-312 kuthembisa inhliziyo yekhanda emathuba aphezulu.

Ukubhaliswa njengoko kushodwa kwebumnandi nokunikela kumsebenzi wasekhaya

Ukubhaliswa kuma-UL noma i-Intertek kusekelwe kakhulu ekusizeni ekusebenzisweni. Iziklambi ezibhalisiweyo nge-ANSI C119.4 zizokugcina inhliziyo yokudlulisela ngu-98.6% emva kwezimali ezingu-5,000, zihlukanisa izinto ezingabhalisiwanga (89.2%). Lokhu kukhokhelo kuyakwenzela ukunciphisa izindleko ngama-$18k ngasinye isiklambi ngonyaka ozingu-10.

Ukususa kakhulu nokulungiswa okufanele kube khona amagunya asebenzisa umthwalo

Iziklambi ezinobuchwepheshe obugcine amandla nezibonakaliso zombala zokuthinta zolahllo kunciphisa isikhathi sangaphambilini ngama-43% (NREL 2022). Iziphawu ezifanelekileyo njengezijaji ezivuselelwa ngospring, izimba ezibonakala ngombala, nezidingo zamandla afanayo zenza ukuba kutholeke ngaphezu kuka-97%, zilungise izipheto eziphambili emakhanda aphansi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani isetshenziswa kweqobo lokuphefumula?

Izihlangothi zeqobo lokuphefumula zisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela izimbokodo zombili zeqobo phansi kwezinkundla nezasezulu, zinikeza inqanawa yomlando futhi zibophezela ubunikwane besilonda.

Ziziphi izihlangothi zeqobo lokuphefumula ezinguhlelo lwe-wedge?

Izihlangothi zeqobo lokuphefumula ezinguhlelo lwe-wedge zisetshenzisa indlela yokubamba ngokuzenzekala eyakhelwa kusindiso njengoba isimo sobunzima sakhula, sibe yindlela efanelekile kumathuba apho kunobunzima obukhulu.

Ukuchaphazela okutholakala kwi-aluminum zinc alloy kungabangela ntoni amandla aphezulu?

Ukuchaphazela kwesilonda se-aluminum zinc alloy kunciphisa kakhulu ukucumba kwegalvanic, ngakho kuyakhazimula ubomi bezihlangothi kumzimba wamandla aphezulu.

Izihlangothi zeqobo lokuphefumula zingasinda kakhulu kumzimba ongcolileyo?

Yebo, izihlangothi zeqobo lokuphefumula zidolophakanyiwe ukusinda izimpawu eziphilayo ezikhathaza njengezinduku ezikhulu, ukugcina kwegesi, nokuguquka kwezinkanyezi, ngokusho komphakathi wemithombo.