Izinsulayi Zisebenza Kanjani Kumaqondo Ephahla?

Ukusemthethweni Kwesithuthi: Kungani Izilungisi Ziqinisekisa Ukusebenza Kuyo Yonke Indlela Kusetempurhijhi Eziphezulu

Ukusemthethweni Kusetempurhijhi Ephezulu Kufunyini, KuFurnaces, Nezindlela Zokwenza Iziphenumo

Amaphakethi ezenzulwini apho izinkulungwane ziyakhula kakhulu ngaphezu kwezigrama-1000, fikani izindawo zokwakha nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo zokuphatha izinkulungwane, kudinga izimpendulo zokuhlukanisa eziphilayo ezingasebenzi ngokugcwele uma kuthathelwa indawo yekhanda noma ukuphazanyiswa kwamandla. Izimpendulo njengezincitha ze-ceramic fibers nezincitha zemica zakhiwe kahle zisebenza kahle lapha ngoba zihlawula ikhanda kancane kodwa azizange zitshabele kuya kuma-1300 degrees Celsius noma phezulu. Lezi zimpendulo zilinda ngqo ukuxhumana nokuhlaza kwamanzi akhanya futhi zikhubaza ukukhula kakhulu kokunyuka kwesithombe phakathi kwendawo enezinkulungwane, okusiza ekukhomeni izinkinga ezibalulekile njengekhubazo lemetalu noma izikhumba zokudonsa ekuhlaleni. Ngokusho kwemfundo yakamuva kumazipho amagebenguwe olawulo lwamandla, ukusebenzisa izimpandi zokuhlukanisa zenkalo iphinde iphazanye amandla athintekayo kuzindawo zokuphatha izinkulungwane kuma-15% kuya kuma-30%. Uma kusebenziswa imicamo etholakala emanzini amanzi amakhaza noma ekwenzeni iglasi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izimpandi zokuhlukanisa eziphila ezibuyisela izimo zabo zokusebenza nangenxa yokuba ziwuthatha izigaba eziningi zokunyusa nokuncisha izinkulungwane kulo lonke ubomi bazo.

Ukuphelelwa Kwempilili Kunye Nokuhlaziywa Okuthile Kwiimpilili Neziko Eziphaphazekayo

Xa kusebenziswa ngezinhlelo zokugcwalisa, nakuba kuyilithya inyuthane esikhethiwe ngu-196°C noma kusebenzisa emakhaya ase-Arctic, izixhumanisi ezifanelekile kumele zibambeke ngokulahlekwa, inkohlaka yekhasimende, nokuthi konke okuhlaziywa yiqiniso lokushintjika kwebhodle. Izimboni ezijikelezayo nezomkhathi njenge-elastomers kanye ne-aerogels zahlukene futhi xa izinkalama zishela ngesikhathi sihlala phansi kuka -50°C bese zingasebenzi kahle uma kushintjika kancane inkalma ngaphandle kokuthutha. Iziphawu ezithile ezingavumi ikhasimende zikugcina amabhonkolo akhona emathelweni makhathini njenge-LNG kanye nezinyalo zezimali ezingaphandle kwesilwane. Ukumela kwemiphefumulo yokulahlekelwa nokubuyisela kakhulu kusenza isiphumo esikhulu ekukhuleni kukaqashelini okufanele kwenzeke. Ngokomlando wase-NIST we-2023, imiphefumulo ethinta izivikelo zokulahlekelwa nokubuyisela kakhulu iyadinga ukuthiwonwa kabusha kangcono ngaphezulu kuka-40% kulezo mqoka emnyama. Kuma-engineers abathola indlela yokun extending iqondo lezixhumanisi, izibonakude zamapolimera zihlanganiselwe nezindiza ezingavumi amanzi zinikeza inqanawa eyodwa yokuphepha kungakhathalwa ukuthatha amanzi aphakeme ayengcamphela isimo sokulahlekelwa.

Ukungena Kwesimo: Ukulungisa I-insulators Ngokuphila, Uthixo, Nokuchithwa

Ukungena Kwezimali, Ukushaya Kwezimali, Nempilo Yehade Yegesi Yokunqamula Ithixo

Izibalo ezingavutha amanzi zenza indima eyakhe ekukhisheni ukusabalalisa kwamanzi, okuyisizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokuba i-insulation ishindile emakhaya ane-humidity ephezulu, emandla, noma ngexesha elibuthayo. Le mihla engeniso yimithetho ayisenze kuphela ukucaphuna umoya wamanzi kodwa futhi izisebenza ngokushintsha kokuxhasana kwemipawu emhlabeni wohade. Xa amanzi awutholi ku-matrikhi, lokhu kumeda ukuchithwa phansi kwama-layer insulation (beknown as CUI) kanti kube nomsebenzi owodwa. Lokhu kuyisidingo esikhulu emakhaya apho kususwa kanye kanye noma lapho iihade zilahlekelwa ukugqoka kanye nokuhlala.

Ukungena Kwesikiliya Nokulungisa Ukuchithwa Kwesicwangciso Emkhosini Wamanzi

Isitshudube sekhanda kumathuba akude kusihlathi nasezindaweni zangaphandle kwehlabathi kuyasebenza kakhulu kumakhiqizi ngoba kwazikhusiwe kakhulu kuleli gazi. Ingcamango yangelela lapha kukuchithakala kwegalvani ekhaziywa nguhamu lehlathi. Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa kusho ukusebenzisa izinto ezivikela ukuthi kungakhaziywe ngokukhazimula. Cabanga ngaglasu engeyiyo yokudonsa noma isilika sikhala ngezimboni eziphucayo. Hambisana lezi zinto nezinhlelo eziphatha kakhulu zezinhlelo ezingavimba lezi zenzakalo zokuxhumana phakathi kwezimbila ezahlukene. Uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, lokhu kumele kuguqula kakhulu ubude bebusuku bezixhumanisi. Sikxoxa ngizinto ezidlulwa khona njengezinyikli zehlathi zangaphandle kwehlabathi apho iziqhudu zonke zinadinga ukulungiswa, noma izinhlangothi zangaphansi kwehlabathi ezingaqashelwa kabusha kamanzi ehlabathi. Lezi zimo zempilo zibonisa kani na ukubophelela kwebomvu kakhulu kumakhiqizi kumathuba wehlabathi.

Ubude Bokuphila: Ukulungiswa Kophuhliso, Ukulungiswa Kwe-UV, Nenkohlaka Yezinto Ezikhiqiziwe

Amaduli Ebusuku Bokuphila (ASTM E119, UL 94) Iingcinga Zekhanda, Iingcinga, Neengcinga Ze-Aerogel

Izinto ezithiyo njenge-fiber yeceramic, i-mica, nezilonda ze-aerogel zihlala zidlula izivivinyo ezide emanzini njenge-ASTM E119 ne-UL 94. Lezi zivivinyo zibheka indlela efudukayo kwezimboni, inani leliqamu elivelwa, kanti na ukuthi izinhlelo zihlinza kanjani xa zithathwa yizigaba eside sezingozi. I-ceramic fiber ihlinza ivale izici zakho zokuphatha ubushushu nangaphakathi kwezinguqu ezingu-1000. I-mica inenkinga yokudonsela engunye ngaphezu kwengunye eyenzelwe amasilikethe abonakalayo abayikhiphayo ukuthi ikhwele. I-aerogels isebenza kahle mpaka ngemva kwezinguqu ezi-1200 ngoba yenanobumba obuncane kakhulu nobubi obuncane kakhulu. Xa esetshenziswa ngokwesibindi, lezi zinto zibambeza okunguwothiza kwezikhwama ngemigaqo emibili ngokulinganisa nokuthi zisetshenziswa izinto ezingazange zifanele lezi zivivinyo. Lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu emakhaya apho kumele kube khona ubuhle obuphila njengoko kwezimali zomswakama namabhokisi we-electrical.

Imiphumela ye-Radiation ye-UV kanye ne-Thermal Cycling kuDluliselo lwepolymers

Amakhiqizi atholakala kumapolimera njengepolyethylene ne-EPDM anezinkinga eziningi xa esohlweni nasezintsheni zempihlelo yemoto. Xa lezi zinto zisondela kumithombo ye-UV ngeminyaka, izinhlayiya zazo zokwakha izahluko ziqhubeka zihluka. Lokhu kuthinta ukuthi kubonakale amaphethini ephepha, umbala ushintshelwe, futhi kungakhethi ukuthula okuphansi ngama-40% emva kokusha kwezingu-5 kuphela. Izintsho zempihlelo zenzela izinkinga eziphindwe kabili. Ukuguquka okuphinde kabili kwenza amaphethini amancane aphinde aphakeme, akhuphuke izici zalo zokukhathazeka kwezimali. Abazalisi abaningi bathatha ukudala i-HALS stabilizers ukuze bakhombe lolu hlelo, kodwa nokho izinkathi ezilungile kakhulu zamapolimera zidinga ukuthi zishintshelwe ngamashumi asemabili nangamashumi ayishumi ehlulekile kuzindawo njengezinsimbi zasola noma edlanweni. I-ceramic nezinhlayiya ezikhuphiswe kangako ziluma kude ngoba azikwazi ukulahlekelwa phansi ngexesha lokusebenzisa i-UV, kanti ngalesikhathi zibekwa njengesikhalo esilungile kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwedolobha lapho izindleko zokuhlela zibaluleke.

Umfundo Wokukhetha Indima Yomthelelo Kwezivivinyo Ezinemimoya Engcono

Ukukhetha umongo wokusebenza okufanele akuyona into etholakala ngokungazenzeki. Kunezinkinga eziningi ezingcono kumele ukuzihlonza xa usenzo lokho kubalulekile. Qaleka ngezidingo zemfutha. Kwimisebenzi yomusa omkhulu, izinto ezjikeleza iglasi yesidwa zingasebenza kumafutha afika ku-1600 degrees Celsius emazingeni yefowuni. Ngokuphambene, izinketho zengcingci ezigcwele njenge-polyisocyanurate (PIR) zisebenza kahle kumafutha amncane, ngokuvamile phansi kuka-100 degrees Celsius, kodwa zinikeza ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kusuka ku-0.018 ku-0.028 W ngomethe ka-Kelvin. Okulandelayo kuyizimo zezulu. Ezindaweni zomfula, kudingeka ukuthi usebenzise iglasi engaphinde aphinde ibe yizinga elipheleleyo ngoba ilungisa kakhulu ekugcineni isimo sangaphandle sokucindezela. Ekunye indawo, ezindaweni ezinemfutha engaphansi kwesifuba, izahluko ezivimbela ukuthi ice yenzeke zisebenza kahle. Ukukhula kwezixhumanisi kuyadingeka futhi. Ezindaweni eziphathelene kakhulu kumele uphinele kube yinto eqine, njenge-calcium silicate engachasanga ngokushesha. Izixhamyana eziphakeme kakhulu zisebenza kahle ngemvane enembala enembumbane eyayikwazi ukuguqula ngenxa yezixhamyana ngaphandle kokuchithwa. Ekugcineni, ungavimbi ukulungiswa kwebhubesi nekususa uvuye. Ukubala izigaba ngokomthetho we-ASTM E119 no-UL 94 kusibonisa ukuthi izinto ezijikelezayo i-silicone zisebenza kani kabanzi kubhubesi besebenzisa izici zabo ngokudla kunezinto ezijikelezayo ezenziwa ngendlela ebalulekile. Hlola zonke izilinganiso abayebenza babize ngazo kanye nezigaba se-ASTM ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi lezi zinto ziya kusebenza kanjalo kuzo zonke izimo eziphakeme eziya kuphakama kuzo kwizimo zempilo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinto ziziphi eziyisiseko kumgcushulwa okuphezulu kwesithuthi?

Izinto ezifana nezikhumba zeceramic, izihlangothi ze-mica ezibuyekezwe, ne-aerogels zilungile kakhulu kumgcushulwa okuphezulu kwesithuthi ngoba zingasebenzi phakade ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwalokho.

Kutheni izimgcushuli zihlenze njani emasabhalweni aphansi kwesithuthi?

Izinto ezifana ne-elastomers engeyiyo yindlela ne-aerogels zibuyisela ubunjingi noqobo noma kumasabhalweni aphansi kwesithuthi, zivikela izinkinga ezifana nokugcagcaza kanye nokwakha kwegazi.

Kutheni ukuthuthelwa kwe-UV kubalulekile kumgcushuli osusekelwe ku-polymer?

Ukuthuthelwa kwe-UV kubalulekile kumgcushuli osusekelwe ku-polymer ngoba ukubhekwa okudlule kwe-UV kungavikela izinhlobo zemolekiyu, kuthuthela ekulahlekweni kwezinto, amathambo, nokunciphisa iqondo lokuphanda.

Izinto ziziphi ezilungile kangaka kumsebenzi wamanzi?

Iglass yezindlu engeyona yindlela kanye ne-calcium silicate enenhlaka yokukhuselela zidele ngokujulile kumanzi ngoba azithobela ukuthi zidlangalale.