Kutheni Ukulungiswa Kudingeka Kuze kube Ngezindlu Zokuthutha?

Ukuhlola Izikhungo Zomsebenzi: Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokuhlola Nokuhlola

Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo Ukuze Kutholakale Ukulimala Kwamanzi

Amaqembu asebenza ensimini enza ukuhlola okubonwayo njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili ukuze aqophe imifantu, ukukhula kwesikhunta, nomonakalo owenziwe izinambuzane. Ucwaningo lwe-2024 ScienceDirect mayelana nokuwohloka kwezigxobo zomsebenzi wemisebenzi yemvelo lwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angu-84 ezigxobo ezihloliwe abonisa ukuwohloka okubonakalayo komhlaba kungakapheli iminyaka engu-15 kufakiwe. Abahloli basebenzisa izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ukuze babeke kuqala ukulungiswa okusekelwe ebubini besiphene.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezingoma Nokuhlola Ukubola Okufihliwe

Amahamela amabi nezikhali zomzuzu zibala izikhathi ngemithwisto ephathelene—izipholile ezimbi zavela imithwisto engavamile, ngelishwa izindawo ezivuthiweyo zavela izikhathi ezimbambane. Le ndlela ibala izahluko zangaphakathi kwi-23% yezipholile ezingavamile ngokusho kwebhodi yesikhalini.

Iziviko zeBoring neziviko zokuphanda ukulungiswa kwangaphansi komgomo

Izicubu zocingo zokucubuka zithola izihlwa zezintshukumisi ezinezulu eziphakeme kuzindlela zasehlabathini ukuze zilungele ubunzima bezamanzi nekufinyelela kwegazi. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi i-62% yezinhloso zezobuchwepheshe zisuselwa kwi-18" ephezu komhlanga, kanti leli ngiyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlola.

Izithembiso Ezidebelelayo Nezindlela Zokuhlola Azizange Ziphucule

Iradar ekhanyezayo emhlabeni neskaner esiphuma sondelo sibala izimodeli ze-3D zezinhlangothi zangaphakathi zezipholile, libala izikhathi nge-92% yobuncike kuzivikelo ezalokwenzeka. Icameras ezibona umthubi futhi zibala ukuvutha okudala ngokushaya kwezulu kumthubi wamanzi.

Ukuphila Phambili Nenqubo Yokuhlola Esebenzisa Idatha

Izihlakuvo ezihlanganisa idatha yokuhlola negisho lenkonzo lomshini lihlangane nge-31% kakhulu kunemigomo yokubuyisela ngexesha. Le miqondo ihlawula iinguqulelo ezinkulu kunezi-12 eziquka uhlobo, umba wokulungiswa, neeziganeko zomlonyo.

Izinhlobo ezifana nokuchithwa okuthintana nempilo yosizi lwesikhangeli

Ukuncika, ukugodwa, nokunyuka kwesilonda emthenteni wezisebenzi

Iimpilenda zomthi zodolophu esizibona kulo lonke ihhala zihlwelelwa ngokuphambene kwabo yonke indalo. Ngokwesiqiniseko seNkqubela yoMphakathi weNtlango eBomvu, malunga nezintathu ngaphakathi kwezinhlalo ezine zombalwa iziphinde zamkelwe njengoko zinezinkinga zabomi bezandla. Xa umoya uphakeme emva kwempilenda, kuthatha isimo sokuba kuthiwe kuquka i-fungi yomthi omdaka kunye neemicrobes ezimbi ezingcolileyo ezingcinezela i-cellulose fibers. Njengoko ukusebenzisa ubungqina bika borate nokufaka i-moisture barriers kunceda ukunceda ukunxibelela oku, kodwa impilenda yonke inzima ukuba ifunyanwa phinda phinda phakathi kwe-15 kuya kwi-25 iphondo uma ayikwazeki. Iinduna zokuhlela zifundiswa ngale nto yonke indawo apho iimali eziphambene kakhulu.

Iingcinga, Ukuchithwa, nokugcinwa kumthwalo wendalo

Lonke into eyayisweyo ebomini iyagcinwa kumthwalo wendalo:

• Umdulo : Umrhuba ka-UV kunye neshishipha sethamphetcharha kuthatha ukuqhakazeka kwesihlengiso (iingcinga)
• Ithi : Isalatha kanye nesithazama siza kuthutha ukucindezeka, kusungulwa imigodo ngokusheda 0.5—2mm ngonyaka
• Ikhokhwe : Ukubhobhisa kunciphisa ubunzima, kuvikelwa amathambo okwakhiwa ekwaleni ekugcinini ukuchithwa

Imipilongo yezinhlayiya ezigxila emakhaya ephepha iyashaya isivinini esikhulu ngaphandle kwezindawo zasendle.

Uhlangothi Lwempilo Kanti Ngezinkinga Zokuthintana Ngokusebenza

Iziphazamiso ezinamandla zihlala zibangela izilungiso ezifanelekileyo kwimipilongo ngempondo yesithupha, kanti neziphazamiso zasebomu ziyabalisa izinkinga eziyisibili emkhathini waseNtshonalanga. Izimoto zihlaba imipilongo engaphezu kwemalungu angu-12,000 ngonyaka e-US, futhi kahle kudinga ukufaka kabusha konke ngoba amabhase akhiphayiwe.

Ukungena Kwemfudukazi Kanti Ngezinkinga Ezidlule Emva Kwengcwele

Imfudukazi engezansi ihlaba i-4% yemipilongo yezixuku ngonyaka emakhaya apholile. Amahlaza ahlanzekile aqhubeka nokuhlaba kahle ngokuhlanjulula kumgodi wesixuku. Idatha yokukhangela eyinhloko ibonisa:

Ukubona ngaphambi kwezikhathi ngendlela ephindelwe yokukhokha kusungula isimo kusidla iminyaka engu-8—12 esengizweke.

Istrathaji Zokulungiselela Ukugcinwa KwePole Yomlando

Imithetho Yokukhokha Ngemvula Nezinhlangano Zokushintjiswa Ngaphambilini

Ukubuyiselwa kwezimali ekufakelweni kwemfundo yokulungisa izimpuku zezindlu ezenziwe ngendalo kubakhomba uma kubheka izinombolo. Amathambo ayaphakama $30 ukuya ku $40 nganye inguqu ezingu-10 ukulunga lezi zimpuku, kunalokho kuba kumele kuthintele izindleko ezaphezu kuka-$5,000 uma kumele kubuyiselwe ngokushesha emva kokuchithakala. Indlela esetshenziswa ngokuvamile ibhekisela ukulungiswa kwezimpuku nguye ngonyaka ozingu-10, lokhu kunceda ukuthola izinkinga njengekhubazekhwe, amahluko, nokuchithakala ngamathe abomvu ngaphambi kokuba kube yinkinga enkulu. Manje amakhampini anengi amaprojekthi wemfundo eyayizwa ngaphambilini atholakala izindlela ezivamile njengekuphakama phansi komgwa noma ukuchaza okwamanje. Le ndlela ephindelwe iphazanyiswa izichithakala zeziphakathi ngaproximately 40% kulandelana oludala oluthinta kuphela emva kokuchithakala. Uma amathambo ayibuyisela izimpuku xa zisebenza kaze kube nezingu-60 futhi ku-70% yesilingo sakhe esiphelile, kunciphisa izimodi zokuphula kwezinhloso futhi kunciphisa izishadile zikaOSHA ezithintana nesimo esihlatshwe kwezinsiza ezingaba yinkinga yokhuseleko kumsebenzi ngexesha lokulungisa.

Izinketho Nezondloko Zokulungisa Izindlu Zokusebenza

Ukulungiswa ngokuchusha kungakugcina izithuthi zezintshukumzi ngeminyaka engu-40 kuze kube ngu-50 uma kuyisise kancane kanje ngaphandle kweminyaka engu-15. Ngamanje, izinkampani eziningi zihambelela kuzindlela eziphathelene ngempilo njengezinhlangano ze-borate ezingakwamukelwa ukuthutha komlilo kodwa azigcine umphakathi ngendlela ethile. Kulo msebenti waseNingizimu apho amanzi anesalatha agcina ukudonsa izinto, ukudipha izilimi ezijwayelekile nezincazelo ezithunyayozayo eziphatha i-UV zimele yindlela eqhubekayo. Izinkampani zokusebenza zonke manje zisebenzisa izixhobo zokuphatha ngendlela ebonakalayo ukuze amakhankha awo abe ngcono xa izindlu kufuneka zilungiswe kabusha ngaphambi kokuba izilimi ezikulungisa ziphansi kusilinganiso sekwarter iphaundi ngasenqatini, okubalulekile kakhulu ukuze kugcinwe ububi bempahla emva kwalokho.

Ukubamba Imfanelo Ephembi Ngokuphatha Itholakala Ngendlela Ebonakalayo

Inhlekeleli yekhanda yokuhlola kusungulwe kunciphisa izindleko zokuhlela nge- $200—$740 ngosuku lonke ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa izici ezifana:

• Ukukhangela okuqondile kubonisa amathambo wokugayayo emakhanda apholile
• Imbonakalo yezithombe eziqinisekiswe ngendawo ebonisa utshintsho lwamathambo wezintonga nezinga lecorrosion
• Izimemo ezihlaziyiwa uma izilinganiso zokungena kwesililo kude kancane kakhulu kumahomu angama-100, ekhombisa ukuthi ubunzima bungenaphiyo

Izinhlelo zodumo zodidi zameleleka ukulandela i-ASTM D1030 ngokuvamisa izikhathi zokuhlola izimo zokugayayo phakathi kwezibhalo zokuhlola.

Ukunciphisa nokulindela i-Pole Yasekhaya: Izixhobo Zekhemikhali Nezixhobo Ezinezizathu Eziphumelelayo

Ukugcina izipha zokusebenza kuziphelile kusho ukuthola indawo eqinile phakathi kokuwakha ngokukhulu ukuze kube neminyaka yobubi futhi kube khona njengomphathi omuhle wendalo. Iziquzana ezintandazayo ezifana no-creosote, CCA, ne-PCP zisebenziswe manje ngoba zihlaba kahle ububi, kodwa i-EPA yayigcine kakhulu amanzi anesimilo ngezinsimbi ezithile njenge-arsenicikhu kanye ne-dioxin ukulungisa amanzi aphilayo ukuba akwazi ukulahlekiswa. Kusabalala ke. Izici ze-borate kanye nezinhlelo ezintsha zezinkuni ezipholile ziyathembeka kakhulu manje. Zisebenza ngokufanayo kodwa azizange zibe yibi kangaka. Ukubheka okutsha kwezinto ezenzekelayo kumfundiso we-inthanethi yokusebenza kubonisa ukuthi malunga ne-35% nangenye ama-khompani eNorth America ayayiqhuba igreen economy uma kufanele acangele izipha ezintantekileyo. Kuyakwenzeka ngisho ukuthi izipha ezihleli kakhulu zingahlala phansi kwezingu-25 kuze kube ngu-50 iminyaka. Kunezindlela ezintsha ezihle futhi ezifana nezihluku ze-polymer ezibhabhisa phansi isikhumba siphinde sivikale ububi phansi kwesimo. Ukuthatha umoya othile awunanto konke. Abasebenzi badinga izinqumo ezifutshane xa basebenzisa izici kanye xa bazilahla izipha ezintantekileyo ukuze babe ngcono ngezimali ze-OSHA kanye nezimali zendalo. Ukuphepha kudala kumele kube yindima yokuqala.

Ukuphepha Kwezimali Neqiniso Ekusebenzeni Kwemisebenzi Ekugcineni Imithambo Yezokwelapha

Imithwalo Yesiphazamo Kusuka Kuze Kunokwenzeka Ngokulahlekelwa Kukhemi Njengoba Kugcinwe

Abantu abasebenza ngalezi ziphakamiso ezithuthiwe zokusebenza kuzindiza zokusebenza bafana nezinkinga ezikhulu zezempilo ngoba kuyizinto njenge-creosote ne-PCP. Uma abasebenzi batholakala lezi zingcindezi ngexesha elide, bazothatha izinkinga zokuphuma komlilo nezintando eziphazanywayo. I-Occupational Safety and Health Administration inemigomo emodanga ngalo lo msebenzi, ibhalise ukuba kudinga izixhobo zokuphepha yonke indlela kunye nokuchazwa kakhulu kumthwalo wamandla xa ziphakamiso zifakelwa. Xa sibheka okuqhubekayo kwi industri, iziganeko ezininzi zibaluleka akukho ngaphambi koko kwaphakamiswa kodwa ngaphandle kokuba kugcineke imigomo ekufuneka igcinwe xa kugcinwa okanye kususwa umthi ophakamiswe. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba malunga ne-78 percent yazo zonke iindlela apho kutholakala izingcindezi kubaluleka kulo msebenzi, okubonisa ukuba kubalulekile kangakanani ukulandela imigomo yokuphepha kuyo yonke indawo yesenzo.

Imigomo Yokuphepha Yoku climb, Ukuchaza, Kunye Nokubuyisa Indiza

Xa kufanele kube lula abasebenzi ngaphandle kwezindiza, izikhuthazo zokuphela kwesihlalo, i-buckets efanayo nezixhobo ezivalelweyo zilungile kakhulu kubo bonke abasebenza. Izinhlelo ezinhle zonke zazama ukwephulaphula izinto ezintathu ebalulekileyo ukuqala phambi kokuba kube yini: qinisekisa ukuthi umgodi wokuphambene wayenothando, ulungele kanjani iminyaka, futhi qinisekisa ukuthi konke okusebenzayo kunezivumezo ezihle. Indlela yokuvula kanye nokumisa ivuli kusibhedlela ukuthi amanzi angavuleki xa abantu basebenza, futhi abantu abasebenzayo emhlabeni kumele babe ngaphandle kwezifansi ezimbili ngaphandle kohlenzelelo lwasebenza. Leli gama alilingani nomthetho kuphela - abasebenzi abanobuchwepheshe bazi kahle ukuthi lezi zindawo zihleli ziphiwa njani uma kungenzeka into.

Imithetho Yomphakathi Ne-OSHA Ukulandela Kuzindlela Zokusebenza

Imibizo engu-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269 engeza nguye yonke indunyana iyagcina ukulandelana kwezimali ezivuthayo, izindlela zokugcina kakhulu kwamathambo, nokuxhumana kwezixhobo. Iziseko modern zesidalali zizama i-digital compliance dashboards ezingathatha inkinobho yesiqinisekiso sezinduna, izimemo zokuhlaziywa, nezimemo yokuphatha izimpilo ngexesha elishintsha, ekhusela amaphawu okuphatha ngenkqubo ya 63% kunazo ephathwayo (2024 Utility Safety Benchmark).

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani kubalulekile ukwaziswa kakhulu kwezigaba zomthombo?

Ukwaziswa kakhulu kunceda ukukhombisa izinkinga ezingcono njenge-rot, i-cracks, nokucopheleka kuka-termite ngokufutshane, kuvumela ukulungiswa ngexesha futhi kukhusela umngcipheko wokuchithwa kwezandla kanye nokutshintsha okunzima.

Ziziphi iindlela ezifana nokucopheleka kuzigaba zomthombo?

Iindlela ezifana nokuchithwa, rot kanye nokuthutha kwebhubhu, i-cracks kanye nokucopheleka kususelwa kumzimu, ukucopheleka kwegolide, umngcipheko wokuthintana, nokufa kwegazi.

Ukusiza kangeneyo kungakunceda kanjani ukuba sigaba somthombo sibe ngunyaka omude?

Ukuphatha ngaphambi kwezinkinga kusetyenzisa idatha yesilinganiso ngokudibanisa neemodeli yomthombo wobuchwepheshe ukuze kubekwe xa kudinga ukulungiswa okanye ukubuyiselwa, ukunyusa ubude bebuso bempahla yokudlulisela inyanwana ngokuhlola izinto ezifana nokuhlu, umbuthano wesithembiso, kunye nesimo sendalo.

Iziphatshelo zonkepha ziziphi ezingafunekiyo abasebenzi bakhaqale impahla yokudlulisela inyanwana?

Abasebenzi kufuneka baphathise amapashi ebukhali, iibhakethi ezihlelekileyo, nezixhobo ezivaleleyo, kwaye bahlawule imithetho njenge-lockout tagout ukuze kugcinwe ubomi obulungileyo kwimisebenzi yokulungisa.

Iziphumo ezivuselelayo zeziphi ezinokuba ngendlela yokuthwebula impahla yokudlulisela inyanwana?

Iindlela zokuthwebula ngokuvuselela njenge-borate kunye nomgca we-copper ochanekileyo zisemthandabuzini njengamanani amnandi ekuthwebuleni impahla yokudlulisela inyanwana ngoba ayikwazi ukulinda ukugoduka ngaphandle kokuba ibe yinxalenye enkulu.