Izisikithi Zizimeza Ngani Nentshebele Kunye Nezibhamu?

Ubudlelane Bemali: Ngubani Ukuba Izisikithi Ezilungileyo Zihlala Ngaphezulu Emazulwini Ahlukileyo?

Ukusebenza kwe-polymers ekugcineni imali emanzini aphucwayo

Izikhululi ezingenametali zenzelwe ngokuchitha kwezigaba esisodwa okwenzeka kube lula ukuthi kuziphatha kakhulu ngokukhathalela izinkinga ze-electrochemical emasimini. Imetali ingayephetha kakhulu nemini yesiliva ngokwenza iziphakamiso zomlando etholakala, okwenzela ukuthi i-rust ikhule futhi ekugcineni kuthintela yonke indawo. Lezi zingaphandle zezigaba zinezinkomba ezinzima ezingavumeli iziqhamo ze-chloride ukuthi zifinyelele phakathi kwazo, okwenzeka kungcono kakhulu kuma-reinforcing bars emasontweni. Ngaphezu koko, zizokwenzela isimo sakhe noma sele sasedlulile iminyaka emfuleni. Izivikelo ezenzelwe emasimini abhekene nomdla wasekhanda kubonisa ukuthi lezi zikhululi zingalila kangakanani ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili emaphandleni aphansi kwamanzi njengoba kusho amazwi akakhululwa, nokho kukhona kwezinye izimali ezibhekana ngenca yokuthi igunya elihleli kanye lingafani nezivikelo.

Kungani izikhululi zemetali ezinezinja zicorrosive kakhulu kunazo ezingenametali eziningi kakhulu kumadoda angeziwe

I-spacer ezinzima eziyekelwe ngezinc zihlukile kakhulu xa zisetshenziswa emakhanda akhona i-ion chloride, njengasezuze noma kumzini lapho ikhanda likasalti liqhubeka. Ilaya elivikelayo lezinc libethula ukuvikela umetshiko ozinsukwini, kodwa kuhlehlwa kakhulu xa kutholakala imithi yamanzi amnyama noma amanzi aluhlaza. Umdla ubonisa ukuthi lezi spacer zihluka ngokuphindaphindwa kabili kunazo ezifanayo ezenziwa phandle kwesihlabathi. Xa ekugcineni ukuvikela kwezinc kuhluleka, umetshiko ombalwa uqala ukudonsa okuyingxenye ethintela futhi kujika izinkundla ze-concrete ezazingeni. Izinkinga ezingavumelekile zisenzo ngendlela eyodwa ngoba zenziwe kwi-polymers ezithile eziphila ngokuxhasa amanzi (kuncipha kuno-0.8%). Lezi zinto futhi ziziphatha izimiso ze-electrochemical eziphazanyisayo kuzinzima. Ukubheka izinselelo eziphathelene ne-tidal kuveza kanjalo indima: kakhulu izspacer ezinzima kudinga ukufakwa kwesikhulu ngaphakathi kwe-7 ukuya ku-10 iminyaka, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkinga ze-plastic ziqhubeka zisebenza kahle ngaphezu kwe-20 iminyaka yeservice.

Ukulungiselela Kwezimali: Amabhoshwa kanye Nezinhlelo Zokwahlukanisa Ezingu-Modified Ngokwe-nano

Amabhoshwa angezi-masiya: akhuthaza ubunzima bokuhluka kwegalaji ngama-73%

Izindlela ezintsha zokulungisa isayizi zenkqubo zenza ukuthi izikhombisi ziphephe kahle kakhulu xa zihlwa ngamanzi. Izingcingo ezishisayo ezenziwe silane ne-siloxane zidala izizinda ezincane ezinkathaziyweni ezibambeza amanzi esikhathaza ukulahlala kuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi manje amanzi ayengeziwa kumakhiyalo ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ngendlela ethile ekhombisa ukuthi amanzi ayengeziwa ng......

Izikhombisi zepolypropylene eziyenzelwe ngenanotechnology: ukuthatha kwezimali kusungulwe ku <0.8% (vs. 4.2% yomjikelezo)

Ukuthuthukwisa kusayensi yomthelela kwenziwe umthelela ungcolile kakhulu kumvushane ngokwenza izinguquko ezincane kakhulu. Uma izinhleli zifaka izikhumba ezincane zesisilika ku-polypropylene, zidala izihlangothi eziphazamisa amanzi kakade. Ukuthatha amanzi kungena phansi kunesilinganiso se-0.8%, okuyisikhathi sesithupha endala ukuthatha kusilinganiso se-4.2%. Ingcobo ye-ASTM ya-2024 isinikeza le mina. Lezo mthelela ebekelwe khona ihlala emapheleni noma kuthi ikhishiselwe kumvushane ngeminyaka. Futhi iyaphumelela konke okudingekayo ngokwesimo se-ASTM C1712 yezinto ezingenziwa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi noma emakhaya akhokhelayo.

Le ndlela ezimbili—ukulungiselela kwezihlangothi nokuguqula umthelela ngokuphelele—kunika izihlukanisa eziphumelela ngaphandle kokuchithakala emkhumbini wamanzi, emasimini anemanzi, nezinye izindawo eziphelele kumvushane.

Ukubonakala Kwempilo: Isiphumo Esidinga Sika-Zihlukanisa Emakhaya Apholile Nezindawo Zangaphansi

Inthanetha kaHong Kong—Zhuhai—Macau: Ukusebenza kwegunya ngeminyaka engu-8 yezikhangala zebhokisi ezingenziwa ngesilika emthwakqweni wamanzi aphathekayo

Inthanetha kaHong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau ibonisa ngempela ukuthi izikhangala ezingenalo ubuchwepheshe zisebenza kanjani kumthwakqwa wamanzi aphathekayo. Kamva kokuvalwa kwakho ngo-2018, lezi spacers ezinzululwane ezinezakhelo zepolymers zazidingeka njalo ukuthi ziqaphele ukuxhunyaniswa nokwaphathwa kwamanzi ambo, ukuguquka kwegunya, nezilingo zeklora ezikhulu kunesimo esifanayo se-35,000 kwi-million. Izimsinduko emva kwezigunya zibonisa ukuthi akukho mlando wokucindezeka, futhi ikhobho elikhulu lebhokisi elingu-50mm lithintile phakade kuzo zonke izidliso ezivikela inthanetha. Lokhu kuyahlukana kakhulu kusenukovu lapho izilinganiso ezifanayo zazidoliswa ekubeni zithathwe izinkinga ze-metal ekuhlaleni lapho zazisola iziphiqa ngokushesha. Okuthi sibona lapha kusinika abasebenzi benkomfishini isiqiniseko malunga nesizinda senzima lezo emasebenzisa kuzinye izidliso zasekupheleni kwamanzi ezifana nalezi.

• ukugcina kwe-compressive strength okungu-98% emva kwegunya eziyishumi elishiyagalombili ezifananayo
• <0.5mm ubuchazawabo obuguquguqukayo noma kubuye kube yizikhathi eziphinde-phindwe zokugwaqeka nokuphela
• Akukho mthwalo wokungena kwamakhlorayidi ukuze kuhlanganiswe konkreethi-nezixhobo zokuhlenga

Ubunzima bokulingana ngapha kwesiphazamandla: ukudlulisela ASTM C1712 yezinfrastraktsha ezingezansi kwemifuleni

Kumfundisa ophakathi, izixhobo zokuhlenga kufanele zilinde isiphazamandla esiqinile. Uhlola okuphelele ngokomthetho we-ASTM C1712 kuvimbela ukuthi izixhobo ezingenamathambo zibuyele ekulinganeni kakhulu xa ziqhamuka kusiphazamandla esifanayo nesiphazamandla se-15-meter waterhead. Izimpendulo zohlola kutholakala:

• ±0.2% ubunzima bokungenela emva kokujikijika kwegunya elisebenza ngeminyaka engu-500
• ukuzimiswa kanye kwe-100% kwezigaba zokulungisa amathuba kumagunya ethulini apholile
• Akukho ndlela yokunyanzelwa kamanzi atholakala phakathi kwekonkreethi nezixhobo zokuhlenga

Leli qiniso libonakalisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kude kakhulu kumsebenzi wokulahla komnqwelo, umndini wamanzi apholile, kunye namanye amagogogo apho ubunzima bokulingana buxhomekeke ekuphuleni kwezifo zokwenza isiphumo futhi uyilo olilinganayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Kungani izikhazimhlophe ezingenametalika ziyathandakala kunezikhazimhlophe zenametalika emanzini?

  Izikhazimhlophe ezingenametalika, ezakhelwe kumrholo othile wemipolomera, ziphatheka ngokulungile kakhulu ekuxhomekeni kwezinhlelo zelekthrokhemikhali ne-ions ze-chloride kunametalika, zivikela ukuthisha kwezombo nomdanga wekhanda emanzini.

• Izidingo eziphathiseleyo ziphumakala kanjani kusebenzi kwesikhazimhlophe?

  Izidingo eziphathiseleyo, njengezazakhiwa nge-silane ne-siloxane, ziphumakala amanzi ebukhweni bokumolekhiyuli, zibekisa ukuthatha kwezinhlanganiso kumaterial njalo zihlongozela ubume babo.

• Iziphumo ziphi ezinikezwa yizikhazimhlophe ezingu-nano-modified polypropylene?

  Leli thayipha legazimhlophe linokuthatha amanzi ngendlela ethintile kakhulu ngokuba kunezincwadi ze-silica ezifakwe, likhangeleka ngaphezu kwematerial engcono.

• Izikhazimhlophe ezingenametalika ziqiniselwe futhi zize ngempilo?

  Yebo, imibono nezimboni zomsebenzi, njengeyokuthi iHong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge, ibonisa ukuthi izivakashi ezingenametalu zingahlala kugeze isimo sezobuchwepheshe futhi zilinde ukulahlwa kumasebe emanzini amaningi.