Ukuthi Yini Ukulandela Amasiko Okuhlanganisa Kwemithambo Yokubeka Amadoda?

Izinqumo Zokusebenza Nezinhlobo Zamasiko Okuhlanganisa

Umsebenzi Wokusebenza: Amasiko Okuhlanganisa Okwesibhakabhaka, Okuhlanganisa, Nakwesibhakabhaka Esikhundleni Somthambo Yokubeka Amadoda

Amaphakathi okulinkha kuyizimpilo zokuphelela kwezindawo zokuthumela amandla. Amaphakathi okugcina end ezinye ziyagcina amakhawunti emphakathi kuzo zonke izihlangothi zokuthumela amandla futhi zibophelela konke ukuchitha okukhona ngaphakathi kwezihlangothi ngaphandle kokubhekana nokuhlaselwa. Amaphakathi okuphakamisa amakhawunti ayaphakamisa ubunzima bokuthi amakhawunti kumazwi okuthumela amandla, kusinika isikhathi sokudlula ngokufanayo lapho kushintsha isimo sezulu noma kubhaleka umoya omkhulu. Amaphakathi okuchitha ayasebenza kulezi zindawo ezingafanele kuphela lapho izilayini zishintsha indlela yabo noma izihlangothi, zibophelela izimilo zokudlula zokubhaleka kwezilayini noma leli phakathi lokubhaleka okungafanele okubonwa ngamakhawunti ngokushesha. Lezi zinhlobo zeziphakathi zisebenza ngokuhlanganisa ukuhlakisa izinkinga ezingaphezulu kusasa. Uma isiphakathi sokuphakamisa isikhetha isiphakathi sokuphakamisa, kungabangela izinkinga ezingaphezulu lapho amakhawunti azodlula ngokushesha kumazwi okuthumela amandla, ngokwesifundo sase-EPRI's Transmission Reference Book, kungaba kumazwi okuthumela amandla okuphakama kusukela kuma-15 meters.

Ukulinganisa nezimali: Izinguquko eziphakeme phakathi kwe-GB/T 2314, IEC 61284, ne-IEEE 1138 kweziphakathi zokulinkha

Izifunda ezihlukahlukene zinemithetho yazo uma kuziwa ekuqinisekiseni ukufakwa kwezixhumanisi ngoba izimo zemvelo nendlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo ziyahlukahluka emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, i-GB/T 2314 idinga ukuthi imishini efakwe ogwini lwaseChina ihlolwe ngosawoti amahora angu-500. Kukhona i-IEC 61284 egxile ekulawuleni amandla kagesi okuphazamiseka komsakazo, ngokuyisisekelo edinga ukuba ahlale ngaphansi kwama-microvolt angu-500 lapho izinkambu zikagesi zifinyelela kuma-kilovolts angu-1000 ngemitha. Futhi ungangivumeli ngisho ukuba ngiqale ngezindinganiso ze-IEEE 1138 ezifaka izinto ezivivinyweni ezinamandla zokuguga kwe-UV okulingana neminyaka engamashumi amabili ehlane phakathi nalezo zikhathi ezinde zamahora angu-3000 ze-xenon arc sessions. Zonke lezi zidingo ezihlukene zibonisa ukuthi kungani ukuthola imininingwane efanele kubaluleke kangaka lapho kusebenza kumaphrojekthi amakhulu engqalasizinda emazweni amaningi.

Ukuhambisana Ngogesi: Izinga Levolthi, Uhlobo Lomqhubi, Nezidingo Zokuhamba

Ukulawulwa kwe-corona nokuklanywa kokuqedwa kwe-link fittings kuma-conductors e-220 kV + ACSR ne-ABC

Ukwenza izinhlelo zikagesi zisebenze ndawonye kahle kuxhomeke ekuvumelaniseni izici eziningana ngasikhathi sinye: ukuthi sinjani isivinini, hlobo luni lwento eyenza izinto zisebenze, nezimo ezizungezile. Lapho usebenza nezinhlelo zamandla aphakeme angaphezu kuka-220 kV ezisebenzisa abaqhubi be-ACSR noma i-ABC, kunesidingo esiphansi sobude bokugwedla obungamamilimitha angu-25 nge-kilovolts ngayinye ezindaweni lapho ukungcola kuyinkinga khona ngokusho kwamazinga e-IEC 60664. Ngaphezulu kwamazinga angu-150 kV, ukukhishwa kwe-corona kuqala ukuba yinkinga enkulu. Ukuze balwe nalokhu, onjiniyela kudingeka balungise ukungahleleki kobuso futhi banikeze abaqhubi indawo eyengeziwe. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka komsakazo okungafuneki futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kukagesi okungafinyelela kuma-kilowatt amathathu ngekhilomitha uma umswakama uphezulu. Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha nakho kubalulekile ngoba izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zandisa ngendlela ehlukile lapho zishiswa. I-aluminium empeleni iyanwetshwa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-30 ngaphezu kwensimbi ngaphansi kwezimo zokulayisha, ngakho imiklamo ehlakaniphile ihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwe-clearance. Izingxenye ezihlanganisa izintambo ezisezingeni elifanele nazo zibalulekile ngoba zigcina izakhiwo ezifanele zokuvikela futhi zivimbele ukuqhuma okuyingozi, okubaluleke ngokukhethekile eduze kwamagquma lapho ukwakheka kukasawoti kusheshisa khona ukuwohloka okusheshayo kokuvikela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuhambisana Kwemithambo Yezindawo Zokugcina Nezinkundla Zokuphatha Kwezinye Iziphakamiso

Ukulinganisa Kwefaktor Yezimali Zokusebenza (DLF) yokugcina kwezinye izinsiza nezinkundla zokuphatha ngokwesibonelo se-IEC 61284, Isifunda sokuqala B

Ukufunda ukubona izimali zokusebenza kahle kusiza ukungavikela ukugcina kwemithambo emuva. Ifaktor Yezimali Zokusebenza noma i-DLF ibonisa kuthi yiziphi izimali eziningi ezinokubeka kwezinye izinsiza nezinkundla zokuphatha kwezinye izinsiza zokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo se-IEC 61284, Isifunda sokuqala B, uma sizilinganisa lezi zifaktor, kufanele sisebenzise imininingwane yezinsiza zasekhaya, okuyisisekelo esibalulekile kuzo izindawo apho izinkundla ziyagcina kusuka ku-15 mm yomthambo. Kumaqondweni ngokulingana nezindawo ezingasoloko, izinombolo ze-DLF zingathola ukuphakama kusukela ku-2.5 amaphuzu. Lokhu kuyakwaziwa ngoba izinto zokusebenza kumaqondweni kufanele zihlale zihambisana nezinsiza zokusebenza zezinye izinsiza nezinkundla ozinokuzimela kusukela ku-50 kN kabusha futhi akukho isibonelo sezinkundla. Ukubhalisa konke lokhu kusiza ukuthi iziqu zokusebenza zilungile ngokuphelele nakuba uMvelinqangi uyabhekisa izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukuqina kwezinto ezibonakalayo: Insimbi eshisayo eshisayo vs. ama-hybrids angenazinhlayiya e-duplex ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezindaweni ezinokugqwala okukhulu

Ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo zimelana kahle kangakanani nokugqwala kunquma ukuthi zizohlala isikhathi eside kangakanani lapho zibekwa ezimweni ezinzima. Ukufakwa i-hot dip galvanizing kunikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle ngezindleko ezifanele, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa i-zinc engaba ama-microns angu-85. Lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi cishe iminyaka engu-20 ngaphambi kokuba kube nesidingo sokushintsha ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezivamile, nakuba izindawo ezisogwini zinciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kakhulu kuze kube phakathi kweminyaka engu-7 nengu-12. Ezindaweni lapho kunomoya omningi nosawoti noma lapho kunamakhemikhali amaningi khona, izinhlanganisela zensimbi engagqwali ezenziwe ngensimbi ezimbili zisebenza kangcono kakhulu. Lezi zinto ezihlanganisiwe zinciphisa izinkinga zokugqwala cishe ngamaphesenti angu-92 uma ziqhathaniswa nezindlela ezivamile zokugqwala ngokusho kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokutshala usawoti okufana nalokho okucaciswa yi-ASTM B117 ngezinqubo zokuhlola ezisheshisiwe.

Nakuba izifittingi zesiduplex ziyathola isilinganiso sesilinganiso sezimali sokubuyisela ngokugcwele ngemalithi ayisishiyagalombili, lokhu kukhuluphile uma isikhathi sokubuyisela kusindiswa kubizwa ngokungafanele ngemalithi ayisikhulu—lokhu kubonakala kahle emazweni okukhona kahle noma kwesikhashana lapho izindlela zokufika ziyakhulula umphumela wokusindiswa (EPRI 2023).

Ukugxilwa Kwesistimu: Ukuxhumana Kwesitayela–Isinsila–Izifittingi Zokuxhumana

Ukulinganisa kwezinkulungwane nezinkqubo zokuxhumana kwezinqamuzi eziningi (isibonelo, izinqamuzi ze-V, izinqamuzi ze-Y)

Ukuthola indlela efanele yokuvumelanisa izinto eziyingxenye yombhoshongo, izihlukanisi, nezinto zokuxhuma kwenza umehluko uma kuziwa ekuvimbeleni ukungalingani komthwalo ekuhlelweni okuyinkimbinkimbi njengezintambo ze-V noma izintambo ze-Y. Ngokweziqondiso ze-IEC 61466-2, noma yikuphi ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-engeli okungaphezu kuka-plus noma -1 degree kungaholela emazingeni okucindezeleka ayingozi ezinsikeni ze-insulator, ezingafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-20 MPa. Ukuze ama-clevis pins asebenze kahle, kudingeka ahambisane nezincazelo ze-ISO 2341-B. Ngisho nemingcele emincane yokuphakama engaphezu kuka-0,5 mm idala izinkinga, ikakhulukazi ngasogwini lapho amanzi anosawoti asheshisa khona izinqubo zokugqwala. Ukuhlolwa kwezwe langempela kubonisa ukuthi ukuqondanisa kahle phakathi kwama-clevis nama-socket amabhola kunciphisa ukwehluleka kokuqala kwe-hardware cishe ngo-38% kwemishini efakwe ngama-engeli. Lapho behlanganisa lezi zinhlelo, onjiniyela kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi baqinisekise ukuthi amapuleti ejoka anobukhulu obanele ukuze angene kahle emagumbini okuhlukanisa, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa izingxenye ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza. Izikhala zokunwetshwa kokushisa nazo zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngoba abaqhubi bangathutha kuze kufike ku-15 mm ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu asukela kuma-minus 40 degrees Celsius kuya kuma-plus 80 degrees Celsius, kuyilapho kugcinwa amabanga afanele okuhamba ukuze kuphephe.

Imibuzo Eshicilekileyo Ngamafitting Okulinkisa

Izithi zokulinkisa zezinhlobo ziziphi, futhi zenza ntoni?

Izinhlobo zokulinkisa zezinhlobo ezikhulu ziyizifitting zokugcina, izifitting zokuphakama, nezifitting zokubeka umthelela. Izifitting zokugcina zihlala kwezinye izindawo zemithombo yezindlebe, izifitting zokuphakama zihlanganisa ukuphakama phakathi kwemithombo, futhi izifitting zokubeka umthelela zihlanganisa amandla okuhambisana noma okukhanya ukuze zilungise isistimu.

Kungani izifitting zokulinkisa kufuneka zibe nemithombo yezifundo zomkhakha?

Izomkhakha zihlukahlukene zinamathuba amahle angaphansi kwezinye izimo zomhlaba njengezinhlobo zezibhalo zomhlaba noma ukubhekwa kwe-UV. Ukuzimiswa kwezifundo njenge-GB/T 2314, IEC 61284, noma IEEE 1138 kuyasebenza ukuthi izifitting zibe nesiqiniseko nesibonelo esihle.

Ukuthi izisitemu zokuphakama kakhulu zikwenza ntoni kwezinhlobo zezifitting zokulinkisa?

Kwizisitemu ezingaphezu kwe-220 kV, izifitting zokulinkisa kufanele zihlanganise izinkinga njenge-corona discharge, umbala wokuphakama, nokuphakama kwezintambo, bese besebenzisa izinto ezihle ukuthi zingabulali ngamathuba amahle angaphansi kwezimo zomhlaba njengezibhalo zomhlaba noma izibhalo zomhlaba.

Iziziphi izinto zokuhlukanisa ubudlelwano bezifitting zokulinkisa?

Izithi zomfanekiso, izihlangothi, nokuthi kuyaphakanyiswa kuzo kubhekisana ngokupheleleyo kwezikhathi zokusebenza kwemifanekiso. Izinto ezihlangothiwe ngokufika emhlabathini ephakanyisiweyo (hot-dip galvanized) zisebenza ku-20 iminyaka ngokujwayelekile kodwa zihlukumeza kusha emazweni okuqondwa ngokupheleleyo, ngakho-ke isiliva esingaphansi sokugcina (duplex stainless steel) sisebenza ngaphezu kwe-25 iminyaka emizweni yokuhlukumezeka.

Kungani ukubhekana kubalulekile kwezindlela zokufaka imifanekiso?

Ukubhekana okuhle kwemibhalo kubhekisana ngokupheleleyo kwezinhlobo zokuloada kanye nokunqoba ukungafanele kwezinkambo zokusebenza okwenzeka ngokungabhekana kwezinhlobo, ukuphakanyisa kwesikhathi sokushisa, noma ukungafanele kwezinhlobo zokufaka (clevis compatibility).