Yiziphi Izindlela Ebalulekileyo zokusetshenziswa Kwamandla kwezilulelo?

Indima Elinganayo kunye neempawu zezolayitha kwiindlela zokusebenza

Indima kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamagca olwandleyo kwiindlela zokuxubha

Izinsulatheli zokuxhumana zasebenza ngokwesibonelo ngokudala izindawo ezithintekile kwiindlela nezinto ezithintekile, ukunqamula ukulayela kwelekthrisithi okungcono yinto engakhi umsebenzi womshini noma engakhi imigomo engaphezulu. Lezi zinto sizokukhula ukusebenza ngempumelelo nangokuba amandla ayephezulu kunesikhombisa 500 kilovolts, futhi zazi ukugcina lezi zilayezile kwelekthrisithi ngaphansi kwezingama-10 microamps ngokilometara ngokwesistanda ye-IEEE ye-2021. Manje amandla okuxhumana aneedinga zokusebenza ngokwemfanelo. Ukuthunyelwa kwezinyukelo nezindleke ziyindlela ngempela, ngakho ezingeni lasekoya lapho lezi zinto zingakhiwa ukuthula kwezindawo zokuxhumana ngokuphela kwezingama-50% kuya kwezingama-75% ngokwesicathamiwo eshlukile sika-CIGRE e-2022.

Iziphiwo ezingcono: Ukukhathazeka, amandla wokuxhumana, nokukhathaleka komshini

Izinto ezintathu eziphambene nokusebenza kwezinsulatheli zokuxhumana:

1. Ukukhathazeka : Ukwehlaniswa: Izindleko eziphephile kakhulu njengokwehliswa olukhanyayo kungena ukwehlaniswa kwezindleko ezingaphezulu kwe-1×10¹³ Ω·cm ngekuphakathi kwezulu le-25°C.
2. Ukuphakamiswa kwezityalo : I-Polymer composites iyasebenza kwezinhloso ezingaphezulu kwe-30 kV/mm ngaphambi kokuthishwa
3. Ukwenza Okusebenzela Kwemifanekiso : I-Suspension insulator strings iyasebenzela amaload zingaphezulu kwe-160 kN ngekwehla ezingaphansi kwe-0.5%)

I-Ceramic insulators zine ukwehlaniswa kwe-30-40% ngaphezulu kunezinto zokwenza ngaphandle kwe-polymer types phakathi kwezindleko eziphawulwa, kodwa izinto eziphephile zine ukusebenza okuphephile kakhulu ngokushisa kwezindleko ezingcono (EPRI Grid Report 2023).

I-Suspension Insulators kumaqo amakhulu okulayisha

Ukusebenzela kwezindleko zokulayisha kumaqo amakhulu okulayisha

Imigqamisa yokuthambisa inqanawa esikhundleni kakhulu ekugcineni amadoda olungelethu kuzo kwiindlela zokulayisha umoya phakathi kwezinye izicelo zokuthumela. Le ndawo zidinga ukulawulwa kwezixhobo eziphambene, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe 70 kN, ngelixa zikhumbule ukuba zinezinxelelo zokugqamisa umoya. Ukuba azikho, amadoda olungelethu aya kugcina amathambu athibhu, oku kuthinta kakhulu kwiindlela ezide kakhulu phakathi kwezindlu. Ubunceshu kwezi ndlela kufuneka bakhokele kwi 3% yesiGama samathambu aphezulu ukugqiba ukuba kungena ngokungcono. Inqanawa yamagama alandelayo ayisebenzisa izicathami ezifanayo eziqinisekisa ukuba iindlela zokugqamisa zingathuthwa ngokulinganisa ngezinye izinto ezifanayo njengoko umoya (oku kungenxa kwe 1 100 kV AC) kunye nokuba yintoni inkalubo yemoto kuzo.

Ukucushwa nokuvutha kwezinhlelo zokuxhuma ngokuthembekileyo

Ukuze kubalwe yini lelapho kufanele kube yilengelenge yamandla, abasebenzisa le ndlela enkulu: inani lemigca esingu-ivolti yomgca wokusekela iyahlukaniswe ngefafaktorha yamandla ngokuchanekileyo. Amadili angama-8 kuzakuba ngokuphezulu kwezinhloso zokusebenza kwe-230 kV, kodwa le zinhloso eziphezulu kwe-765 kV kuzadinga amandla angama-24 angethunyelwe ngokuhlanganisa. Ukudala kwezinkinga kwenza uhlu oluncane futhi. Lezi zinkinga zenza leli ngcamango lihlukiswe ngokuningi kulelapho, oku kuthula kakhulu ukushisa kwe-corona, ngokuqondile xa kunesimandelu ephezulu. Sibona ukuthi kunesitrendi lapho itekhnoloji yamathuluzi isiya kuba yilengelenge esikhundleni lezinhloso. Iindlela zokusebenza zibekwa kakhulu ukuze zilandelane nezinga lokushisa ngokuphakathi kwe-±2% futhu zilinganise amandla wezilungu. Le ndlela yokulandela kuhlela abasebenzisa ukuthola izinkinga ezingaba yinkoronto ngaphambi kokuba kungaba nendaba ngokuvamile lapho kuhlanganiswa.

Imiphumakelo ye-composite nokanye ye-ophanging insulators kuma gridi enkizweni

• Ukuncipha kwegogolo : 60% ngaphansi kuka porcelain, ukuncipha ama tower structural requirements
• Ukukhululeka kwekugcina : Ama silicone rubber sheds akhululeka kwezicandu nokungcola, kuyindlela enembile kuma coastal regions
• Isayithi esikhulu : Ama self-cleaning properties akunciphisa ukulungiswa ngama 70% ngaphandle kuka ceramic
• Ukuvumela kwevibration : Ama polymer matrices avumela ama aeolian vibrations, ukunweletsha umthamo wokusebenza weconductor ngama 15-20 unyaka

Ama Post nokanye ama Support Insulators kuma Substation Applications

Isenzo esibalweni phakathi kwe-Busbar, Iswitch yamandla, kunye ne-Support Systems yemikhiqizo egele

Ama-Post insulators uthutha ukuba yinikwe amandla okusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngelixa kuyahlula amandla phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza. Le mikhhiqizo iyahlula le busbars egele apho kuyalungiswa kwiitrafomethi nasezwitcheni zokulungisa amandla, ukwenza amagap rhwini lamanzi apho kungakhutshelwanga ukulahla kwezixhobo xa kungaphelileyo. Amathuba apheleleyo okusebenzela ngaphezu kwe-500 kV awudinga phakathi kwe-40 kunye ne-60 le zixhobo ezithileyo zokusebenza ngendawo. Zinzilwe ngokudla kwiicerafimu eziqhelekileyo okanye kweempawu zintsha, iipost insulators zaseko zingasebenzisa amandla okuphumelela kwiintambo ezingama-4000 anp ayisingiyo ukuchithwa ngokwezwa ngemva kwezikhathi. Inkcazelo yomoya kuyahluka ngokwesikhundla kunye neendlela zokulungisa zaseko zokusebenza ngokwesifundo.

Ukuphatha iindlela zokusebenza kunye neemeko zokulahla kwezindawo zokusebenzela

Lezi zilayisi zihlukume kakhulu kumakhiwane amaningi (>150 km/h) futhu kakhulu okuphaphame kwezibuko phakathi kwe -40 ° C kanye no +80 ° C. Izinhlelo zokudityaniswa zokudityaniswa kahle kuzo kuzindlela zokubhotelela ngenxa yazo zokungcola; izinhlobo zebhomu lezilikoniyela ziminisa izindleko eziphathelene neziliko ngemibili yesi 72% ngaphansi kweziliko. Izindlela zokudizaj izilandzelwa ngokweqile:

I-Porcelain vs. I-Silicone Rubber: Ukusebenza kanye nokuphathwa

Noma i-porcelain inike amandla wokwehla (30-40 kV/cm), izinhlayiya zokwehla zesi-silicone rubber zinike amaphetho amaningi:

• ukunciphisa ngama-45% ukubona kungcono nokusebenza nokulayisha
• Izingxenye ezintathu ngokukhulu
• Amagatya okunqunqa, amagatya okuncintsha ngokuzenzekela

Isicathami esivulekile ku-2022 CIGRE sibonze ukuthi izinhlayiya zesi-polymer zidinga ukuncedwa ngama-60% ngaphansi kuka-porcelain emasimini amane. Kodwa, i-porcelain isetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhiwano aphakeme kakhulu (>800 kV) ngokukhona kwezindlela zayo zokuthutha kwezimali.

Izinhlayiya Zokugxuma kuma-Dead-End nekuma-High-Tension Installations

Izikhululo Zama-Conductors ekuqaleni kwezinhloso nekumaqo amaningi

Izinhlayiya zokugxuma zikhumbule amaconductors ekuqaleni kwezinhloso nekumaqo amaningi, zinezindawo zokuthanda ngaphezulu kuka-50 kN ngesikhathi esisemthetheni ukungena kwezimali. Izinhlayiya zesi-kompiyutha zamanje zinamandla amaningi ngama-40% ngaphansi kuka-porcelain futhi azisebenze ngokwehla ngaphezulu kuka-150 kV/m, lokhu kuyindlela yokuthi kumele kusebenze kuma-dead-end poles emakhaya.

Ukusebenzisa eMlimathini Engahlanuka: Ukuhlola Amaduze nezindlini Eziphakeme

Izilayisi zokugcina ziqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinhawu zokwelapha ezingxenyeni ezihlanukayo njengezindlini, izimyekelo nezinhlanzi zokugcina izinhlanzi ezinkulu, izindlulubo ezikhulu futhi kungenjalo izindlulubo. Ngokwesicatfo esishicilelwe ngo-2022, izilayisi zepolimeri zikhula ukuphazamiseka kwezinhawu zokwelapha ngokupelanga kwezinyathelo ezimbili ngaphansi kwezilayisi ezijwayelekile. Ngokwembono yemercato, isiporofu samakheloni sibe yona ngokukhulu, manje sinezimali ezingama-billion dolola ezingama-2 ngokwesicatfo esisha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezidingo eziphakeme kwezinhawu zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa ukuthola izinhlanzi zokugcina okutholakala kuzo, ngakumbi kuzo ezikhathini eziphakeme noma ezinguquko.

Ukwehla Kwezincomo nokunxantathu Kwamadoda Amabili

Idizayini yesithi sokubandakanya amadiscu ahluke ukugcinwa kwezixhobo ngokwesibonelo sokudla kakhulu ngokuphelele kwezinye izixhobo xa kubola phantsi ngokwe ndawo. Imicaciso yamaxesha yokuqala iquka iinkqubo zokugcinwa ngokwe njani ezingaphandle kwezinto ezingama-30% ngokulinganisa kwiinkqubo eziphambene nezinye ezisebenzisa i-steel. Iintlobo zokulungisa zibonile ukuba le nqubo isebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwiimeko ezingezantsi zokugcinwa kwaye inokugcinwa kwezixhobo ezingama-765 kilovolts kunye nezixhobo zokugcinwa ezingama-15 kilonewtons ngosuku ngalinye. Le nto iyahlala ngokukhawuleza kwiindlela eziphambene nezinto ezingazokugcinwa njalo.

Iindlela zokugcinwa ngokwe njani kwi-Transformer kunye nezixhobo zokugcinwa ngokwe njani

Indima yeezixhobo zokugcinwa ngokwe njani kwi-Transformer kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokulula

Izibhobho zokugcina zokuphakama kakhulu zisebenza njengezixhobo zokuxhumana phakathi kwezinye i-transformaters nezinye izintambo, zikhumbula ukungcola kwezinto ezinezokuphakama kakhulu nezintambo ezilandelayo. Ngokwemibuzo yakamuva, kuthathwa amathathu kwezindilinga zokuguquguquka zilandelayo izibhobho ezithile eziphumelelwe ngokungcola kakhulu noma ngokwehluleka kwezibhobho ngokwehluleka kweminye imigca (i-Power System Reliability Report yachaza le nto yakamuva ngo-2023). Manje, abasebenzisi zibhobho ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphambene nezinye ezifakwe ngokuphelele ngezindlela ezifanayo nezindlela zokubhobha, zokwenzela ukuba zisebenze ngokuphakama okungaphezulu kwe-500 kilovolts. Le nqancemento ikunciphisa le nto engavumelelwa yabantu abasebenzela kwezinye izinhloso zokwelapha.

Ukugcina kwezindlela nezinye Iindlela Zokuphakama kwezibhobho Ezinezokuphakama Kakhulu

Ukugcina kwezindlela ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokugcina kwezindlela zokugcina kwezindlela, ukunciphisa ukugcina kwezindlela ngokwehluleka kwezindlela 40-60% kunengxenye yezinhlelo eziphambene. Lokhu kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu ku izisitemu zika-800 kV+ , lapho izindlela ezingafani zingavikela ukungena kwezinhlelo yokungena. Ukulandelana okuhlelwe ngokucacileyo-okuwona ngokuthi kuhlanganisa izilayitha ezingenakunye nezingaphambili-ziyakhubazela ngokuthi kungena kwezinhlelo zokungena kungaba ngaphakathi kwezimo ezenziweyo.

Ukuthuthukwa kuka Oil-Filled ku Dry-Type Epoxy Bushings: Ukubaluleka nokuphepha

Ukuguqula kuka oil-filled ku izilayitha zika-cycloaliphatic epoxy resin ziyavikela izinkinga eziphambene nekusebenza:

• Imigwaqo yesicelo eyona ngokwe-89% ngokuthi kususa isicelo esingenakushisa
• Ubukhulu bekusebenzela kuphansiwe ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezingenziyo ombeni zokulingana okudinga 75% ngaphantsi kwezikhathi zokulandela
• Ukugcinwa kumoya kugcinwe ngokungena kwezixhobo zokungena kwezililo ngqo ngaphandle kwezililo ezibekwe ngqo ngopel 2015

Iminye yemibono evela kwi iindlela ezingama-15,000 ezifakwe ibonisa ukusebenza kwezindlela ezingenziyo ombeni ubuninzi be-98.3% emva kwezingu-10 - 22% ngaphezulu kwezinto ezifanayo ezinezililo ngokuphelelweyo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yintoni eyisebenza ngayo i-insulators zokuxelela kumathini okuxelela?

I-insulators zokuxelela zenza iindlela zokungena kumathini ukuxela ukungena kwezixhobo zokuxela, zilungise umgca wokusebenza ngokuphelelweyo ngokuphatha iivolti ezikhankatha nezixhobo zokuxela, kunye nobulungiswa nokusebenza ngokubhujwa.

Iziphi izici ezinhloko zezilindlela zokuxilonga?

Ukuxilonga, amandla wokuxilonga, kunye nemvumelelo yokusebenza ngokuxilonga ngokusebenza kuzilindlela zokuxilonga.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba izilindlela zokuthintwa kubaluleke kakhulu kumathini okuphezulu?

Izilindlela zokuthintwa zixhathisa amagqunywe ethekeni, zihlinza ukugqunyelwa komsebenzi, kunye nokugcinwa koxilonga ethekeni lezantsi.

Ziyintonina izilindlela zokuthintwa eziphambene nezinye?

Izilindlela eziphambene nezinye zinika ubuncinane bomya, ukungena kwegciwane, iindlela ezilindelekileyo, kunye nokulibelela ukuxhentsa, okwenza banelise kumathini wokuqala.