Izihlobo zezinto zokugcina zemithambo yezilwanyana ziziphi?

Izinto Zokufaka Ulayini Wamandla Okuthwala Imithwalo: Ama-Suspension kanye nama-Strain Clamp

Indlela ama-suspension clamps asekela ngayo abaqhubi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuvamile kokusebenza ngenkathi evumela ukunyakaza

Ama-suspension clamps agcina ama-conductor endaweni yawo ezigxotsheni nasemabhoshongweni kodwa futhi avumela ukunyakaza kwemvelo okubangelwa izinto ezifana nokuvunguza komoya, izinguquko zokushisa, kanye nokwakheka kweqhwa. Izimo ze-clamp, ezimise okwe-U noma kwe-C, zibeka ingcindezi efanayo ku-conductor zisebenzisa izingxenye ezenziwe ngama-alloy amelana nokugqwala nokuguguleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lawa ma-clamps avumela i-conductor ukuthi ijikeleze kancane futhi ihambe eceleni uma kudingeka, okusiza ukugcina konke kuzwakala kahle naphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezimo zezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinamathiselo eziqinile ezingashukumi nhlobo, lokhu kuguquguquka okwakhelwe ngaphakathi empeleni kuvimbela izinkinga ekukhuleni kwezintambo ze-aluminium kanye nalezo zi-ACSR conductor ezikhethekile ezihamba amabanga amade phakathi kwezisekelo.

Kungani ama-strain clamps ebalulekile ekuqedeni, ekubambeni nasekuphatheni imithwalo ye-axial engalingani

Ama-strain clamp, ngezinye izikhathi abizwa ngokuthi ama-dead end clamp, agcina ama-conductor endaweni yawo lapho umugqa uphela khona noma ushintsha indlela. Lokhu kuyadingeka lapho amandla okucindezela edlula okujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngokuvamile atholakala emakhoneni, izinguquko zokuphakama okungazelelwe, noma nje ekugcineni komugqa. Ama-strain clamp amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu angaphatha imithwalo yokucindezeleka engalingani efinyelela cishe kumaphesenti angama-90 alokho okungaphula umqhubi uqobo. Ngokusho kwemibiko yasensimini, ukukhetha uhlobo olungalungile lwe-strain clamp kunegalelo cishe engxenyeni yesithathu yazo zonke izinkinga ezibangelwa izimo zezulu ezimbi. Umklamo uhlanganisa lawo ma-serrated jaws kanye nemikhono yokucindezela ebamba ngokuqinile ukuze ama-conductor angasheleli, okuwavimba ukuthi awe phansi ngendlela eyingozi. Ngezintambo zikagesi ezidlula ezindaweni ezinzima njengezintambo zokudlulisa ezingama-345kV ezidlula ezintabeni, ukuba nama-strain clamp aqinile ngokwanele kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni lonke igridi kagesi lizinzile futhi lithembekile.

Izinto Zokufaka Ulayini Kagesi Ovikelayo: Ama-Damper Okudlidliza kanye Nezinduku Zesivikelo

Ukulawulwa kokudlidliza kwe-Aeolian: Indlela i-Stockbridge kanye nama-dampers ajikelezayo andisa ngayo impilo yesevisi yomqhubi

Ukudlidliza kwe-Aeolian okubangelwa umoya kudala ukunyakaza kwemvamisa ephezulu okunciphisa kancane kancane amaphuzu okumiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ekugcineni kubangele ukuthi imicu iqhekeke futhi ama-conductor ahluleke ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ama-damper e-Stockbridge asiza ekulweni nale nkinga esebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-tuned mass damping. Ngokuyisisekelo, lawa madivayisi anesisindo esindayo esinamathiselwe ekugcineni ngakunye okuxhunywe ngekhebula le-messenger, eliguqula amandla okudlidliza abe ukushisa esikhundleni sokuwavumela akheke. Enye indlela ama-damper ajikelezayo ajikeleza i-conductor uqobo, ahlinzeka ngokucindezela okusekelwe ekungqubuzaneni kulo lonke ubude bentambo. Lezi zixazululo zinciphisa ukucindezeleka okuphezulu cishe ngesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nemigqa ngaphandle kokuvikelwa, okuvumela ama-conductor ukuthi ahlale isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu esebenza. Ukuthola isikhala esifanele phakathi kwala ma-damper kubalulekile futhi, ngoba kuvimbela amaphethini okuzwakala ayingozi ngenkathi kugcinwa i-conductor iguquguquka ngokwanele ukubhekana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezimo zokwakheka kweqhwa.

Ukuvikelwa komqhubi: Izinduku zempi kanye nezivikelo ezilungisiwe ngaphambilini ezivimbela ukukhuhla nokukhathala ezindaweni zokumiswa

Izindawo zokumiswa yilapho omqhubi wemoto eshaya khona ngenxa yokunyakaza okuqhubekayo kanye nokugxila kokucindezeleka okukhathazayo lapho begoba. Izinduku zempi, eziyisisekelo sama-aluminium noma izinsimbi zensimbi ezigobile, zisakaza umthwalo womshini cishe ngamasentimitha angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 endawo yokuxhumana. Lo mklamo olula unciphisa ingcindezi yendawo cishe ngo-70%, okwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphileni isikhathi eside. Enye inketho enhle onogada abalungisiwe abenziwe ngezimo ze-polymer ezibunjwe efektri ezifanelana ne-geometry yomqhubi cishe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kususa lawo maphutha okufaka akhungathekisayo awenzeka ensimini. Zombili izixazululo zisebenza izimanga ekuvimbeleni ukukhathala okukhulu ngoba zivikela izixhumi zokumiswa ngenkathi zigcina imicu ingashintshi. Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi ikhono lazo lemvelo lokunciphisa ukudlidliza lisebenza kanjani ngokubambisana nezinhlelo zokulawula ze-Aeolian ezizinikele. Ndawonye bakha lolu hlelo lokuvikela olunezingqimba ezimbili olumelana kangcono kakhulu nokuguguleka kwemvelo emigqeni ephezulu.

Ukuxhumeka Nokuphepha Kwezintambo Zikagesi: Izixhumi, Izixhumi, kanye Nehadiwe Yokumisa

Ukuqhubeka okuthembekile: Izixhumi zokucindezela vs. izixhumi eziboshwe zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphakathi nendawo kanye nokuphela

Ama-slice okucindezela kanye nezixhumi ezinamabholidi ngayinye idlala indima ehlukile uma kukhulunywa ngokugcina amasekethe kagesi engaphazamisekile. Uhlobo lokucindezela lwenza lokho kuxhuma okuhlala njalo ngokushisela okubandayo ngamandla e-hydraulic, okunikeza ukumelana okungcono ngokumelene nokudlidliza futhi kuphatha ukugeleza kwamandla kagesi amaningi. Yingakho lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho izintambo zingase zihambe khona phakathi kwezikhawu. Ngokusho kokuhlolwa kwemboni, la ma-slice agcina ukumelana kukhuphuka ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-0.1 ngisho nangemva kokubekezelela imijikelezo yokudlidliza eyizigidi eziyi-10. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izixhumi ezinamabholidi zinikeza ukuxhumana okungalungiswa futhi kugcinwe, kulungele amaphuzu okuphela emibhoshongweni noma eziteshini ezincane. Kodwa kukhona ukubamba abakudingayo ukuhlolwa okuqinisa njalo ngoba izinguquko zokushisa zingabangela ukuthi zikhululeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho bebhekene nemigqa ye-voltage ephezulu edlula ama-kilovolts angu-230, ama-slice okucindezela anciphisa ukwehluleka cishe ngamaphesenti angu-70 uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abanamabholidi ngokusho kocwaningo lwamuva oluvela ku-EPRI. Ukukhetha phakathi kwabo kuncike ekutheni sisebenza ngayiphi i-voltage, ukuthi imvelo inzima kangakanani, nokuthi umuntu uzodinga ukufinyelela kamuva emsebenzini wokulungisa.

Ubuqotho bokumisa: Ukushintshwa kwe-Exothermic, isisekelo se-clamp-on, kanye nezindinganiso zokusebenza kwe-fault-current

Ihadiwe efanele yokumisa isisekelo ivikela abasebenzi kanye nemishini lapho kwenzeka amaphutha kagesi. Ukushisela kwe-exothermic kudala izibopho eziqinile zama-molecule phakathi kwama-conductor ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuholela ekuqhutshweni komoya okuhambisana nezinto zomqhubi uqobo. Lokhu kwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezidingweni zesikhathi eside zokumisa isisekelo. Ukuze kube nomsebenzi wesikhashana osheshayo, izindawo zokumisa isisekelo zinikeza ukuxhumana okusheshayo okungasuswa kalula. Imiklamo yesitayela se-wedge ivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi bafake ngaphansi komzuzu nesigamu izikhathi eziningi. Zonke izingxenye zokumisa isisekelo zidinga ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-IEEE 80 mayelana nemisinga yamaphutha. Thatha i-clamp ekalwe nge-40kA isibonelo kufanele ibhekane nokunyuka kwesigamu sesibili ngaphandle kokuphakama kwezinga lokushisa ngaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-250. Izinhlelo ezintsha zokumisa isisekelo zisiza ukulawula amandla esinyathelo ngokugcina ama-volts e-voltage engaphansi kwama-volts ama-2 ngemitha ye-amp ngesikhathi samaphutha. Ukuskena okushisa okuvamile kunciphisa cishe ama-85% ngoba ukuxhumana okubi kuvame ukushisa kuqala, kuvele ngokucacile kumakhamera e-infrared ngaphambi kokuba noma yini iphuke ngokuphelele (ngokusho kwemiphumela ye-NFPA yangonyaka odlule).

Izinto, Ukulinganisa, kanye Nezindlela Zokukhetha Zokufaka Izintambo Zikagesi

Lapho bekhetha ukufakwa kwezintambo zikagesi, onjiniyela kudingeka babheke izimfanelo zezinto ezibonakalayo, bahlole ukuthi ziyahlangabezana yini nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, futhi bacabangele uhlobo lwendawo imishini ezobhekana nayo endaweni. Iningi lehadiwe yomqhubi lisathembele kuma-alloy e-aluminium ngoba lezi zinto zinikeza amandla amakhulu ngaphandle kokuba nzima kakhulu futhi zimelana nokugqwala kahle. Ithusi liyaqhubeka nokuba yindawo esetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zokufaka ugesi, njengoba kungekho lutho oluqhuba ugesi kangcono kunethusi elihlanzekile. Kulezo zindawo ezisogwini olunosawoti lapho ukugqwala kudla khona insimbi ngokushesha, ukufakwa kwe-polymer ehlanganisiwe sekuba yizindlela ezidumile. Ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela ku-NACE emuva ngo-2022, lezi zinketho ze-polymer zinciphisa izidingo zokugcinwa cishe ngamaphesenti angamashumi amane uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kwensimbi okuvamile okungazange kuphathwe.

Ukuhambisana kwemvelo kunquma ngqo isikhathi eside. Ukufakwa kogu lolwandle kudinga ukumelana nosawoti okudlula amahora ayi-1,000 nge-ASTM B117 ngayinye. Ukufakwa kokuphakama okuphezulu kudinga ama-polymer aqiniswe yi-UV; izindawo zezimboni zidinga izembozo ezingamelani namakhemikhali. Ukubekezelela ukujikeleza kwezinga lokushisa kusuka ku--40°C kuya ku-+80°C kuvimbela ukuphuka okubuthakathaka ezindaweni zasezintabeni kanye nokuguquguquka kokushisa ezindaweni ezigwadule.

Ukuqinisekiswa kokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla kuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kanye nokuphepha. Izilinganiso ezibalulekile zifaka:

• I-IEC 61284 yokuhlola umthwalo wemishini
• I-IEEE 1240 yemikhawulo yokusebenza kwe-corona
• I-ANSI C119.4 yokuthembeka kwesixhumi sokucindezelwa
  Isitifiketi senkampani yangaphandle (isb., i-KEMA, i-ESTI) siqinisekisa ukunamathela ngaphambi kokufakwa. Ukunganaki lezi zindinganiso kuyingozi yokwehluleka kusenesikhathi—ukufakwa esikhundleni okuhlobene nokugqwala kubiza izinsiza u-$740,000 minyaka yonke ngamamayela ayi-100 esifunda (i-Ponemon 2023).

Ukukhetha kubeka phambili izici ezintathu:

1. Ukwenza Okusebenzela Kwemifanekiso : Kumelwe kudlule ukucindezeleka okuphezulu ngesilinganiso sokuphepha okungenani esingu-2.5×
2. Ukulahlela kwezinhlelo yokushisa : Ukufakwa komhlabathi kudinga ukumelana okungu-≤ 5 µΩ
3. Ukuphikelela kwezimali : Ukumelana nokugqwala kuhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-ISO 12944 C5-M

Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila kufakazela ukuthi kuyiqiniso: kuyilapho ama-clamp okumiswa kwe-polymer-composite enezindleko zokuqala eziphakeme ngo-15%, impilo yawo yenkonzo yeminyaka engama-30 idlula kakhulu umjikelezo wokushintsha wensimbi ehlanganisiwe weminyaka eyi-12. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamasu kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuhambisana nomthetho, kanye nemingcele yokusebenza kusekela ukuqina kwegridi yesikhathi eside.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini injongo yama-suspension clamps kuma-fittings ezintambo zikagesi?

Ama-suspension clamp asekela abaqhubi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuvamile kokusebenza ngenkathi evumela ukunyakaza okuthile ngenxa yezinguquko zemvelo njengokushintshashintsha komoya noma kwezinga lokushisa.

Kungani ama-strain clamps ebalulekile emigqeni kagesi?

Ama-clamp okucindezela abalulekile ekuqedeni, ekubambeni nasekuphatheni imithwalo ye-axial engalingani, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho umugqa uphela khona noma ushintsha khona indlela.

Ama-dampers okudlidliza asiza kanjani ekufakweni kwezintambo zikagesi?

Ama-damper okudlidliza, njenge-Stockbridge nama-damper okujikajika, alawula ukudlidliza kwe-Aeolian okubangelwa umoya, okusiza ukwandisa impilo yesevisi yabaqhubi ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kanye nokuzwakala.

Iyiphi indima edlalwa yizinduku zempi?

Izinduku zempi zivimbela ukuklwebheka nokukhathala ezindaweni zokumiswa, zisabalalisa imithwalo yemishini endaweni ebanzi futhi zandise impilo yenkonzo yabaqhubi.

Yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha izixhumi zezintambo zikagesi?

Izinto eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe zihlanganisa umthamo womthwalo wemishini, ukuhanjiswa kukagesi, kanye nokuqina kwemvelo, konke okungaphansi kwezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kanye nezidingo ezithile zesayithi.