Ukuthenga Iipole Zokusebenza Ngaphandle Kwemithambo Yokutumela Okukhulu?

Ukuzazi Izidingo Zepole Zokusebenza Kwezinkulungwane Zokutumela Okuphezulu

Izinkinga Zokuphambana Nezinkinga Zokuzimisela Kwe-NESC

Izinsika zomsebenzi ezixhasa imigqa yokudlulisela amandla aphezulu kudingeka zibhekane nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwesakhiwo ngokuvumelana nemithetho ebekwe yiNational Electrical Safety Code (NESC). Empeleni, le khodi ibeka izidingo zokuphepha eziqondile zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithwalo. Izinto eziqondile ezifana nabaqhubi nabashintshi kanye namandla aseceleni avela emoyeni nasekubandayo konke kuyindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, i-NESC ifuna izinsika ezindaweni ezithile zimelane nemimoya engaphezu kwengu-90 mph, okungenzeka yenzeke kanye eminyakeni engu-50. Umthamo we-ground line moment nawo uyindaba enkulu ngoba izigxobo kufanele zibhekane nokunyakaza okungalindelekile okuvela ezintweni ezinjengokuhamba komqhubi noma ukuqhuma okungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zibaluleke ngempela uma kuziwa ekulandeleni le mithetho. Izinsika zensimbi ngokuyisisekelo zingcono ekuphatheni ukucindezelwa ngakho zisebenza kahle emifuleni noma ezindaweni ezinde phakathi kwezinsika. Nokho, ukhuni olwenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo lusasebenza emabangeni amafushane lapho izimo zibikezela khona futhi izindleko kudingeka zihlale ziphansi. Lapho izinkampani zingazinaki lezi zindinganiso, kwenzeka izinto ezimbi. Bheka nje ukuthi kwenzekani eMidwest ngonyaka odlule lapho izinduku zokhuni zingakwazi ukubamba isisindo seqhwa eliqoqiwe futhi zawa zabangela umonakalo ongamadola ayizi-740 000 enethiwekhi kagesi ngokusho kombiko wePonemon Institute ngo-2023.

Ukubhala isithombe sesikhundla sokuthi kungani umphumela wokugcina: Amaphuzu, Amashilini, nokuthi kungani ukuthi kufa kwamaphuzu

Indlela esiqamba ngayo izigxobo zomsebenzi wokusiza ibunjwa kakhulu izingozi zomhlaba ezibalulwe ngokuhlola imvelo. Ikakhulukazi ngasogwini, onjiniyela badinga izinto ezingakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga zokugqwala komoya onosawoti. Yingakho izakhiwo eziningi ezisogwini zisebenzisa izinto ezinjengensimbi eshisayo eshisayo noma lezo zinsika ze-polymer eziqiniswe nge-fiber kulezi zinsuku. Ezindaweni lapho iqhwa eliningi lihlangana khona, njengaseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-US, izigxobo empeleni kufanele zibambe isisindo esiphindwe kahlanu lapho iqhwa liqoqana phezu kwazo. Ngokuqinisekile lokhu kwakuyinkinga ngesikhathi kunokucishwa kukagesi okukhulu eVermont ngonyaka odlule. Izindawo ezinomoya ezichazwe ezindinganisweni ze-ASCE 7-22 zithinta ngempela ukuthi izinsika zibekwe kude kangakanani, ukuphakama kwazo nokuthi izisekelo kudingeka zingene ngokujulile kangakanani emhlabathini. Ezindaweni ezihlukaniswe njengezigaba ezine zezivunguvungu, izinkampani ngokuvamile zifaka izigxobo ezinezisekelo zikakhonkolo eziqinile kakhulu. Izinsiza-kuhle eziningi manje zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR ukuze zihlole izindawo futhi zibone izindawo ezincane zokugqwala noma izindawo ezivame ukuba nezinkinga zokucindezeleka. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuba bakhethe izinto ezingcono kusengaphambili kunokuba balungise izinkinga kamuva. Ngokwencwadi i-Energy Grid Journal ka-2023, le ndlela yokuqapha inciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside zokulungisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-19 uma kuqhathaniswa nokusabela nje lapho sekwenzekile umonakalo.

Ukuqhathanisa Izinto Ezisetshenziswayo Ezisetshenziswayo: Insimbi, I-Aluminium, Ne-FRP

Izindleko Zokuphila Nokuthengiselana Kwemisebenzi Phakathi Neminyaka Engu-40

Lapho ukhetha izigxobo zokudlulisela, kubalulekile ukucabanga ngendlela eziyosebenza ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuba ugxile kuphela kulokho okuthile okubiza ngakho uma ukubuka kuqala. Insimbi iqinile kodwa idinga izembozo ezikhethekile nokuhlolwa njalo okungakhuphula izindleko zayo zokuphila cishe ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha. I-aluminium ayigqwali futhi yenza ukufakwa kube lula kubasebenzi, nakuba inganamatheli ngokwanele ezindaweni lapho umoya uvunguza khona ngamandla noma lapho iqhwa lihlangana khona. Izinsika zepulasitiki eziqiniswe nge-fiber (FRP) zingase zibize amaphesenti angu-20 kuya kwangu-30 ngaphezulu uma zithengwa zintsha, kodwa lezi zinsika ngokuyisisekelo azidingi ukulungiswa futhi zihlala ziqinile iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Uma sibheka idatha yeminyaka engu-40 kulo mkhakha, imibiko eminingi yomkhakha ibonisa ukuthi i-FRP igcina ibiza imali engaphansi ngamaphesenti angu-12 uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi ngoba akudingeki ukuba ithathelwe indawo njalo futhi cishe akukho okunye okumelwe kwenziwe ukuze igcinwe isesimweni esihle.

Amath advantage ase-FRP kumaziko okuthelela kwezilwanyana nezilwanyana zokuphakama

Izindawo zokuphakama kwezinyathi nezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu kwezinkukhala zibona iziphumo eziningi xa usebenzisa i-FRP emva kwezinto ezihlukene nezinto zokuphakama. I-steel ichitha kakhulu kumaqondo amanqina, ngamaphuzu amabili ngokubonwa kwezindawo, okusho ukuthi abasebenzi bokulungisa kufanele bahlale bavumela izinto zokusebenza ngeminye iminyaka futhi bafaka izinkampani zokulungisa ngeminye iminyaka. I-aluminum ayichithi njengoba i-steel ichitha, kodwa ayikwazi ukuzimela izilayiya ezide zokuchitha uma izilayiya ziyagcina ngaphezu kwezincili ezimbili nezinkulungwane ezishumi, okuyisikhundla sokugcina noma ukuvula. I-FRP isebenza kakhulu ngoba ayizimeli ukuthi kuhlelwe ngokuphakama kwezinto zokuphakama kanye nokuzimela umdlalo wokuphakama kwezinyathi ngeminye iminyaka. Isidingo esinye siyo ukuthi i-FRP ayisebenzi njengoba i-electricity, ngakho akukho mlando wezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinto zokuphakama zokuchitha. Le yinto futhi iyagcina ngokuphakama kancane emva kokuvula noma ukugcina uma ubunzima bukhupha phakathi kwezinkukhala zokuchitha noma ukuvula, okusiza ukuthi akhutshwe izikhundla ezincane. Uma sibheka iziqu zokuphakama kwezinyathi, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukuguqula kwezinto zokuphakama zokusebenza kweziqu zokuphakama kwezinyathi kuzokuthinteka ukuthi kuzokhutshwa iziqu zokuphakama ngeminyaka ngokuphakama kwezinkulungwane ezinezigidi ngokulinganisa nezinto zokuphakama zezindawo zokuphakama.

Amathuluzi okuphatha nokuthenga kwezinkundla zokusebenza

Amaphethini ase-FERC, ase-NERC, nasezinkundla zase-PUC ezikhipha ukuthenga kwezinkundla

Ukuthola izinsika zokusiza kuhilela ukuzulazula enqabeni eyinkimbinkimbi yemithetho. Ezingeni likahulumeni, i-FERC ibeka iziqondiso eziyisisekelo zendlela okumelwe zibe ngayo izintambo zikagesi ezinokwethenjelwa phakathi kwezifundazwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-NERC ibhekana nomsebenzi wangempela wokuphoqelela, kuhlanganise nezinto ezinjenge-FAC-003-4 ekhuluma ngokukhethekile ngokugcina izihlahla nezinye izitshalo kude nezinsika. Bese kuba nama-PUC asezingeni lesifundazwe anezela ama-twists awo kuye ngokuthi izigxobo ziyoya kuphi. Izindawo ezisogwini ngokuvamile zidinga izembozo ezikhethekile zokulwa nokugqwala kwamanzi anosawoti, kuyilapho izindawo ezivame ukuba nemimoya enamandla zingase zidinge ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokuqina kwesakhiwo. Izingozi ziphakeme kakhulu izinkampani ezitholakala ziphula le mithetho zibhekene nezinhlawulo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-$1 ngosuku ngokusho kwedatha ye-NERC yangonyaka odlule. Futhi masingakhohlwa ngemvume: cishe amaphrojekthi ayisikhombisa kwayishumi okudlulisela amanzi ayabambezeleka ngoba othile ukhohliwe ukuhlela amaphepha angqubuzanayo endaweni ethile. Amaqembu okuthenga ahlakaniphile ayazi ukuthi kudingeka ahlanganise zonke lezi zidingo kusukela ekuqaleni uma efuna ukuba nethemba lokuhlala ngesikhathi futhi ngaphakathi kwesabelomali.

• Ukuqinisekiswa kwemiklamo yezinsika ngokuya ngemigomo yokulayisha esebenzayo ye-NESC Grade B/C
• Ukufakazela ukuhambisana nemvelokufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwe-EPA okuvunyelwe kwe-conservative yokhuni noma izitifiketi zokumboza zensimbi/i-FRP
• Ukuvumelanisa imigomo yokuthumela nemijikelezo yokuhlola ye-PUC yombuso namafasitela wokwakha

Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe igwema ukwakhiwa kabusha okubiza kakhulu, isheshise ukugunyazwa, futhi iqinisekise ukuqhubeka kokusetshenziswa kokudlulisa.

Ukwenza ngcono ukuthengwa kwezikhungo zomphakathi ngamamodeli ezinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha

Izinsiza ezicabanga ngekusasa zithatha indawo yokuthenga okuyisisekelo ngemodeli yokucabanga, enolwazi ngesimo sendawo. Lezi zinhlaka zihlanganisa idatha yokwehluleka komlando, okufakwayo kwezinzwa zesikhathi sangempela, namamephu ezingozi zemvelo ukuze kunikezwe izinto ezifanele kakhulu ze-pole insimbi, i-FRP, noma ukhonkolokumaphrofayili athile obungozi, njengamakholomu okubola asogwini noma Izakhi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila (LCCA) ukuthi le mifanekiso ibonisa ukusebenza kwezinsuku eziningi kune-40 ngemithambo, ekubhalweni kwezinkinga zokulandela, isikhathi sokusebenzisa, izinsuku zokubuyisela, nezilingana zokuhlwa kwezindawo ezithile
• Ukuphawula ngokwesimo , okwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-AI yokufunda amaphoto ayesikiliwe nge-LiDAR nezithombe zezilwane zokugcina, ukuze kubhekwe ukungafani kabusha kabefore ukubuka kwesibhakabhaka
• Amashini okuhlanganisa nezimali zokuziphatha , okuzivumela ngokuzenzakalelayo iziphakamiso zesayensi ngokulingana nezimali zokuziphatha zase-NERC, FERC, nezimali zokuziphatha zezindawo ezithile

Ukusebenzisa le mifanekiso kuncima amaphutha okukhetha izinto ngokwezinye ngemiphumela yezinye ngokuphakeme kwe-34% futhi kusondeza isikhathi sokusebenza kwamathuba—kuyisiphiwo esihle kakhulu emazibini okukhanya kwezinsuku ezinkulu apho ubukhulu bekho bokubaluleka kubonakala ukuthi kungabikho ukugcina kwezinye ngokuphakeme. Umphayizo wase-T&D World wa-2023 wabonakalisa ukuthi abasebenzi bokuhambisa abasebenzisa ukukhetha phambi kokuzwa kuncima izindlela zokufaka amasimu ngokuphakeme kwe-22% ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela eziphathelene ngezinye.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izimali eziningi zokusebenzisa izihlangu zokuhambisa kwezinhloko zokuhambisa kwezinhloko ziziphi?

Izihlangu zokuhambisa kufanele zihambisane ne-National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), ziyakwamukha izimali zokuhambisa, izithuthi, izinye zokuhlaba, nokubhaka, ziyakwamukha ukuthi kubhekwe isikhathi sokubhaka kwezinye futhi zisebenzisa izinto ezifanele njengezistilu noma izihlangu zesithuthi esizimele.

Izinto ziziphi ezinconywa kuma-zihlangu zokuhambisa emazibini?

Emazibini, izihlangu zokuhambisa zokubhaka kwezistilu zokubhaka ngokuphakeme kanye nezihlangu zokuhambisa zokubhaka kwezifiber zokubhaka kwezifiber zinconywa kakhulu ngokuthi zinamandla okubhaka kwezinye zokubhaka kwezinye.

Ziziphi iziphakamiso zokusebenzisa amaphuleli ase-ibhile (FRP)?

Amaphuleli ase-ibhile (FRP) ayathola ukuthi akhuseleka kahle, ayasebenza kahle ngeminyaka eyadlula, akunciphiselela ukulawula, nokuthi yinkhulu, futhi yayisifundazwe esihle kwezindawo zasekupheleni kwesikhaleni nasezindawo eziphezulu kwe-ice.

Ukuthi ukubhalwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuziphakamisa njani ukususa amaphuleli?

Ukubhalwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, okufuneka kubhalwe ngokwaleyo kuka-FERC, NERC, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezwe, kuyaphakamisa ukususa amaphuleli, futhi kufuneka kubhalwe ngokwaleyo kwezinhlelo zokuthi isebenza kahle, ukuthi kubaluleke kwezinsiza zomhlaba, nokuthi kubaluleke kwezinhlelo zokuthi iphuleli ibe yinkhulu.

Kungani izimodeli zokugcina izinqumo ezilandelwe ngodatha zibalulekile kusukela amaphuleli?

Izimodeli ezilandelwe ngodatha zinconywa ukuthi zihlele izinketho zemithombo yamaphuleli ngokuchazwa kokulinganisa izindlela zokusebenza, ukuchazwa kwezinsiza zomhlaba ngokushesha, nokubhalwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi zicincisela iziphakamiso kanye nezinkinga zokuthi izinto zibe zingakhona kahle.