EN
Ukuthi Ziphasa Zihambelela Kanjani Kubusuku Bempilili Yekhabhile Nenkinga Yomthombo
Umsebenzi wophaza ekugcineni ukuqagqa kwegcinezeli nekhondo
Amasipha ayakheka izilungele kanye nezibhobho ezigcwele kwiikhabhile, ayayikwaye ukuba zihlale kwindawo yazo kwaye zingavukekanga. Xa zifakiwe ngokuchanekileyo, le zixhobo ezincinci zenza ithuba elidingekayo phakathi kwezinto zokwelapha lithathe indawo, okususa ukudluliswa kwesithelo esinokungcolisa, okubaluleke kakhulu xa kusebenziswa ngamathuba amakhulu. Zonke iintsalela zilandela iindlela ezichanekileyo ezisetshenziswa yiingeni, kodwa nokuba ziphazanyayo kancinci zinokuthi zizangele iingxaki emva koko. Amasipha athembekile asebenza ngonyaka, ngamaxesha amadoda, ayakheka ukuba zonke izinto zilindele kwaye zisebenze ngokwemvelaphi kuzo zonke iingcinga zamanzi kanye nempazamo yomthwalo wentsimbi.
Ukukhokha ukuguqulwa kwekhabhile kanye nokuhlukunyama ngexesha lokufaka
Xa kusiphindezwa izikhwili ngaphakathi kwezimpendulo, izihlenga zasebenza ngendima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthwala kwezixhobo okungakwenzela ukuthi izihlweko ziyaphazamiseka noma zicinde izigaba. Okusebenzayo kwalawa zinto zihlenga kukhuphukela ukuthwala ngaphezu kwehla yonke yesikhwili engasivumeli konke lokhu kusondele kumkhawulo. Lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu ngoba izindawo ezizimele ukuthwala kungakhathazeki kuzicinga izigaba noma kuthintele ishidiyeli sesiliva, ikakhulukazi xa kusekelwa kuzinkinga ezihlukene zomnyango noma ukhuphuka kumzimba ongqongqo. Isibonelo esinamandla esingakumboneli kukuthi izihlenga zikhubaza ukuthi izimpendulo ezihlobene zingaphindane ngesikhathi sezinkilinga. Ukunyakaza nokuphazamisa kusekelwa kuzinkinga zomthwalo, futhi ngaphandle kwehlenga ehlukile, lokhu kungathinta izigaba zokuphepha ngokuphindaphindi. Ngokuhlenga konke ngendlela efanele, abasebenzisi bahlala bahlenga ubungozi bezikhwili ngeminyaka eminingi, lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezinkinga eziphansi kakhulu zokuphatha futhi kunezinkinga eziphansi zokuphatha emva kwalokho.
Ukuthuthukisa ubunzima bamekhaniki ngaphakathi kwe-HDPE kanye nezimpendulo ezigxila
Izimpendulo ze-HDPE zahlelwa ngokuphambene ngoba zingasebenzi ngokwesimo ngokuthi zilinde isimo sakho ngokulandelana kwesikhathi. Futhi, azikho ukuxhasana ngokwelekthrikhili, okwenzela ukuthi kube yinto eqondile kakhulu uma izimo ziyophulaphula. Lomongo uphathelwa kakhulu kumoya futhi usebenza ngokuvamile noma kusuku olusisha (-40 degrees Celsius) noma oluhle (ngaphezu kuka-90 degrees). Kuzinyathelo lapho kudingeka inkxalabo ephakeme kakhulu, izinhlelo ezigxila zezinhlelo zifakelwa. Lezi zihlanganisa inkxalabo yomlando olugcwele nesilinganiso esihle. Uma zihlanganiswa, izimpendulo ze-HDPE nezinhlelo zihlenze izisusa ezivuselela ezingapheli ngeminyaka engapheli ngapha kwalokho kungaphulaphuli izimo zokuphepha.
Ukuphatha Isitshalo kanye Ne-ampacity: Indlela Izimpendulo Zihlela Ukuthwala Isitshalo
Isiphumo sezimpendulo ezingavumela ukuthi amakhebhele aphakanywe kusivinini sezitshalo
Iziphazamiso ze kabhu zivikela izwire ukuba zihlambuluka ngokuvikelwa kwezihlali ezinguqulo eziyinkimbini. Lokhu kwenza izikhala ezibalulekile zehhe zokuchazwa, okubalulekile kakhulu xa kusekelwa emaphandleni akhangele. Uma ikabhu iliphindana naleyo, ihlanza kakhulu kusuku olunye. Ngokwemibiko yasekuhlaleni njenge-IEEE 635, lokhu kukhuthaza ubude be-temperature ye-conductor ngecala ngaphezu kwesikhathi esinye. Ukulungiswa kokuhlukanisa kusho ukuthi uhlelo luhlanza kangcono ekusakisheni. Amagugu akukhona akuzinzi kakhulu. Futhi, ngexesha, lokhu kuyinto eyodwa eyenzayo umehluko mkhulu ekuphileni kwesithembu phambi kokuthi kuphinde kudinga intshintsho ngokufa kusuku olunye.
Isiphumo se-50mm conduit spacing kumgcinwa wehhe nokulinganisa kabhu
Igapa elingezingu-50mm phakathi kwezikonkele libonakala ngokujwayelekile njengelobalulekile kumsebenzi wokuchazwa kuze kube khangele. Lokhu kukhetho olungeziwe phakathi komfanekiso onempilo nomthelela obalulekile:
- Amaphutha okuhamba kwe- airflow enezilinga ze-50mm kusungula ukuthwala okuthile ngama-40% ngokulinganisa nokuthi kugcwele izimbotshane
- I-ampacity yecable iphinde iphinde ngama-12–18% ngaphezulu kwezimfazwe eziphazamisa kakhulu
- Ukuthalukana kwezinklinga phakathi kwezimbotshane kusha phansi kuma-5°C
Leli simiso likhuluma abasebenzi ukuthi bakhuthaze ubungozi bokuthwala ukukhanya ngaphandle kokuphakamisa kakhulu izimbotshane. Umdlalo wethermal ubonisa ukuthi izilinga ze-50mm zisungula ukuthuthwa kwezindawo ezikhanya kakhulu ngeminyaka engaphezulu yokuthwala.
Ukubala kwesilinganiso sokuphela kwe-ampacity ngokungahle kwezilinga (isibonelo, izimbotshane ezigcwele)
Ngaphandle kwezihlenga, ukuxhumana ngqo kwezimbotshane kuthinta ukuthi kufunekile ukuthwale amaphepha ngoba akhazimula ukuthwala kwesithunzi. Umdla ubonisa:
| Isimo sezilinga | Ukuphela kwe-ampacity | Ukuthola Kwesibuko |
|---|---|---|
| Izimbotshane ezigcwele | 15–20% | 20–30°C |
| phambi kuka-25mm | 8–12% | 10–15°C |
| phambi kuka-50mm | <5% | 3–8°C |
Amacable angaphandle ayasebenza njengemifisa yethamali xa ayixhoshelana, ekususela kulahluko lokucindezela. Indlela ka-NEC Neher-McGrath ibonakala ukuthi izimo ezixhoshelayo kudinga ukupheliswa kwe-current ngama-20% ukuze kube khona kumakhishini okucindezela okuhle. Amaspari aphila izindlela zethamali ezenziwayo, ekunqulathe isiphazamo sakho.
Ukudala nokufaka Izindlela Ezilungileyo Zokusebenzisa Ngokwemithetho Emyeni Ukusebenzisa Amaspari
Uqinisekisa ukuthembekile kwebanga phambi kuka ngexesha lokufakwa ukugcinwa kwemfihlo yokudala
Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zikhondla zilandelwe kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhwama zilayiniwe kahle futhi zivivinye izinkinga ezakwenzeka ngokulahlekelwa kwezinto. Uma izilawulo zilawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-5% yomthelela, zihlala zikhipha ubuchwepheshe bokwenzeka kwezimali ngaproximately 30% kunazo ezinenzuzo ezingaphakathi kwezimali. Abasebenzi abaningi bakhetha indawo yezikhondla ngamathree methe ngezithululi zelase, kufuneka kwenziwe imiyekeka eyengeziwe emakhundleni noma emaqosheni lapho izikhwama zihlala zihla ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuthintana. Imininingwane ethambile aphi ikhona isiphikisana kakhulu ngoba lezi zinkinga ezincane zakhula ngexesha futhi zihlala zihlupha izimodi zokuhlukanisa ngokushesha kunezidingo. Lokhu kuholela kakhulu emakhundleni apholile kumthwana ngoba izinto zakhula ngokwahlukile uma zishisa, zibangela ukuthi izinkinga ezithile zokulahlekwa zakhule ngokuphindaphindwe.
Izikhondla phakathi kwezinhlelo zokwenta amandla: ukulungisa ukuphakama kwezimali nezidingo zokushisa
Kulabo abasebenza ngezinhlelo zihigh voltage, izikhakha zokudluliswa zinesivikelo esibili esibalulekile kusiseko samandla. Lezi zinkinga kudinga ukugcina iziqendu zamandla zihlukene ngaphandle koko kunciphisa ukunyathelwa kwesithamo. Izidingo zokuhluka kuzinzile ngokuvamile ngaphezu kwe-150 kuya ku-300 milimitara kwi-33kV yonke into. Izenzo ezilungile ziphinde ziphinde zifaka izindlela zewayise esenzelana ekuphumuleni kwayise esibindi, okwenzela isiphazimulo esikhulu ekubetheleni. Xa kufika ekuwahloleni izinto, i-plastics engaqhubekanga iglasini ibalulekile ngoba ingahlala nemvula ngempela, ikhuthaza kangakanani kuye ku-20 kilovolts ngasinye imilimitara yesilinganiso. Ngaphezu koko, lezi zinto zizamaqiniso nokuba izigaba zokushisa ziphinde ziphinde ziye phansi kuma-90 degrees Celsius ngexesha lokusebenza. Isenzo esihlelo sakho senzekelayo singcwalisa izindawo ezishisayo ngaphakathi kwe-15 kuya ku-25 degrees Celsius kunaphi xa izinto azikho kuzo kufundiswa kakuhle. Lokhu kucinezela ukulondoloza izigaba zokuhlenga kumnyango wokulahla futhi kugcine amandla okulayisha kuyo yonke into yomthwalo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Iziphazamiso ze kabhu yasebenza njani?
Iziphazamiso ze kabhu zisebenzisa ukugcina ukuphawula okufanele phakathi kwezihambi nezimphindo, ukulungisa ukuthintana ngokomoya, izinkinga zokudluliswa kwesithixo, nokugcina ubunzima bwegunya ngokwesikhathi.
Kungani ukuphatha intamo kubalulekile ekufakweni kwemigqa?
Ukuphatha intamo kubalulekile ngoba kumelana nokungahlinzeki, kugcina ubude bebuso, nokwenza isimo sokuba khona kwezithixo ngaphandle kokusungulwa kwentamo.
Iziphazamiso phakathi kwezifazane zisebenza kanjani emasiningeni apho amandla aphezulu?
Iziphazamiso phakathi kwezifazane zizigcina ukuphawula kwemifula phakathi kwezinto ezihlobene futhi zisenza kube lula ukusulela kwentamo, okubalulekile ukusebenza nokuphepha kwemasininga apho amandla aphezulu.
