Ukuthini Okunikezela Ukuxhumana Kwe-Elektrhili Nokuxhumana Kwe-Mechanical?

Iimfuno Ezinhloso Nezokuxhathisa Zaseyikrha Zezixhobo Zeendlela Zokwehla

Ukuchazwa nokusebenza kwezixhobo zeendlela zokwehla kwiindlela zokuthumela

Izixhobo zomgwa womthwalo, ezithiwayo ngokuba yezixhobo zokuhlola, ziinxalenye ezikhethiweyo ezidolophiwe ukuxhunxha, ukuzama kumgangatho, nokukhusela iwire eziphumayo kwimigwa yomthwalo. Lezi zixhobo zenza umsebenzi wokuhlola kunye nomsebenzi wobumeleli ngexesha elifanayo. Zisebenza njengemilinkelo ethile eyixhunxwayo iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zesistimi njengekhabhale, izikhangeli, iingcinezelo zokuthwalwa, neezixhobo ezinye zonke kwisebe. Ukungakho kwalezi zixhobo kungekho ndlela yesiseko sisebe sokuba semgangathweni okanye sokuthumela umthwalo ngendlela efanelekileyo phakathi kwezibhalo kwaye abasebenzisi.

Ukugcinwa komsebenzi wokuhlola nokulungiswa kwegrouni

Izixhobo zizokuba nemida yesiseko ngaphandle kweenguquko ngoba zilula ukungqamla apho imigodi ihlangana, ngokwenza izihluzi nezibhambo eziphathelene kahle. Ngexesha elifanayo, le ngxobo zenza iingcinga ezivumelana kakhulu ezingena kwi-current engalungileyo ngendlela epholileyo. Xa zifakelwe ngendlela efanelekileyo, iiclampe zesiseko zikhubaza iivoltage ezin danger neengcinezelo ze-electromagnetic ezingavumelekanga ukuthembeka, okususela kumgangatho nokuphepha abasebenzi. Ngokwesiqalelo sevetlala esiphuhlileyo esishicilelwe kwi-IEEE ngemvume yokuqinisekisa ukuphatha kwamandla, ukhokelela iisiseko ngezixhobo ezifaneleyo kususela kwiindlela zokunyuka nokuthintela ngaproximately 70% xa kukho into ethile eqhelekileyo kumsimbi.

Nika ubunzima bokusebenza phantsi kwegcinwa lezimo

Izixhobo zibeka imigodi ngaphandle kweenguquko enkulu, iiveki leentsuku, nezinye zokugcina ice, zithintela nakweenguquko ezibekelwe kuvibration. Umzekelo:

• Iiclampe zokuthintela ziyabela phantsi ubunzima bokusebenza apho kukho ubungakanani
• Amadampheya ayagcwalisa izivivane ze-aeolian, iyamnwezela ukugcina kwegonini ngama-40% emaziveni ihlukileyo ne-IEC 61284
• Izigaba zilungiselela ukuthakatha kumgwa wokudonsa ngemikhawulo ephakeme

Lehlakani lenziwa yokukhula kwezinto eziphakeme kakhulu futhi libekisa ubude bephararapha ngama-15—20 ngaphezulu kukaqobo akhangelwa.

Izinhlobo Ezibalulekile Zezixhobo Zomgwa Wasekhaya Nezisusa Esikhwameni

Iziphazamiso, iziqhamo, neziphazamiso ezimhlophe zokuthutha igoni futhi zinikeze indiza

Amaklampu e-suspension ashaywa ukulungiselela iziqu ngasekhanda kumithuthi yokuthutha kodwa futhi avumela ukunyakaza kwesithelo esikodwa sibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ubuchwepheshe bokumelana. Kanti kanjalo kukhona amaklampu okumelana okuphathisa lezi zindlela ezingu- longitudinal uma usuku lwesilinganiso siyishintsha. Lezi nkinobho zokuphela ziphela umgodi lapho kufanele kuphile. Lo mbalwa wezimpendulo zihlukanisa ubuchwepheshe besibonelo phakathi kwezitower neziqu ngokubanzi. Lokhu kusiza ekukhishiseni lezi ndawo ezinezinkinga apho ubuchwepheshe buhlangabezana ngexesha, futhi lezi zinkinga ezizimeleyo ze-fatigue zihlawula ngaphezu kuka-23% yezici zonke zomgodi wasephandle ezihlatshelwa njengoba kuqondakala kwi-IEEE standard yekhono lokuthutha engu-2023. Ukufaka amaklampu akhona kusiza ukuthi izindleko zilungiswa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinto, ikakhulu ngemikhila enkulu efika kude kuma-150 km/h noma xa kusekelwa kwezimo zokudonsa kakhulu ezikhiyeza ububi kusistimu.

Izingxenye zokubopha ezicindezelayo nezokuxhuma zokuxhuma iziqondiso eziqinile

Ama-clamp okucindezela kanye nama-clamp okucindezela afana ne-wedge akha izixhumanisi eziqinile, ezihlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezintambo nezingxenye zemishini ezingamelana nokudlidliza ngaphandle kokukhululeka. Izingqimba zokuxhuma nezinye izinto zokuxhuma zigcina ugesi ugeleza kahle emajoyini, lapho ukumelana nokuxhumana kuhlala kungaphansi kwama-micro ohms ama-5 njengoba kudingwa amazinga e-ASTM B354 wokuqhuba kahle. Imigodi yalezi zixhumi ivimbela ukuba zingasheshi zisheleleke ngisho nalapho zibhekene namandla acishe abe ngu-15 kilonewtons, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibhekana nokwelula okuhamba kancane kwabaqhubi okwenzeka eminyakeni eminingi. Njengoba lezi zingxenye empeleni zithwala iningi lamandla kagesi, ukwenza kahle ukukhiqiza kwazo kubalulekile. Noma yimaphi amaphutha okukhiqiza angaholela ezindaweni ezishisayo emgqeni ezichitha amandla futhi zinciphise indlela amandla adluliselwa ngayo kahle emabangeni.

Izinsimbi ezisekelayo: Izinsimbi, izibopho, namahange ukuze kugcinwe isakhiwo siqinile

Ukuphephela kweqondo kusuke kuqondana olunye oluthile kufana:

• Amabholthi angaphili ngokomoya afaka indlela yokugcina umthelelo phakathi kwezinkukhu zemvula
• Amahangha athintekayo afakelwa ezindaweni zokuhlala kwizikhangeli
• Amadodana endaweni enesithili esihlinzekileyo ekhathazwa yimithwalo engu-20-ton

Loo mehluko ihlanganisa ngendlela efanelekileyo, izibhamu ezinezinkcazo eziyinzulu-nezilumene ezingavimbi ukungcola okuthinta izimetali ezahlukene. Ukubeka kweqaga lokusebenza kunciphisa inkinga yokuqeqeshwa kabusha ngama-40% kunalokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingafani, njengoko kuchazwe yi National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) 2022 edition .

Ukugcina Ubunzima Bokuxhumana Kwemvume Ngokusebenzisa Isakhiwo Sokufaka

Ukucoca nokuxhumana phakathi kwezihlwe, izicoceli, nezixhobo zokufaka

Ukudizayina kahle kweguquguquko kumkhuba ukungena kwamandla nezivivanyana ezingenakho endaweni ethintekayo lapho amakhabeli ihlangana nezigaba. Izimboni ezifanelekile zezigaba zisebenza njengezishelo kususela kuthuhlu, umlilo, nezinye izici eziphambene nendawo, ngelikhathi lenzeke amandla aphephe kahle. Lapho kufakiwe i-point connections, abasebenzi basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumeka okuphakade phakathi kwe-conductors. Uma ubuchwepheshe akuyona yonke into, izindawo ezikhanya zikhiqiza futhi izinto ziqaqa ngokushesha kunokufanele. Ngokwemithetho ejikelezayo njenge-IEEE 1313.1 ne-IEC 60815, izixhobo kumele zilondolose amandla angaphezu kuka-15 kV ngosuku olunye futhi zibekisise indawo engafanele phakathi kwezixhobo ukuze kugcinwe ukuthatha isivivanyo. Izixhobo zokubamba zihlukanisa ngokushesha kunezixhobo ezijwayelekile zokubamba uma kufaka inhliziyo ekukhuphakeni, lokhu kusho ukuthi kunciphisa izimo eziphazanyayo, ikakhulukazi emasotsheni apho amaduza anesalatha ayisidinga. Kumele kube khona ukulinganiswa kwezinkinga phakathi kwezixhobo ze-aluminum nezixhobo ze-steel, ngoba kulowo msebenti izixhobo ziyophazanyala uma izilingo zishintsha, zizicinga indlela yamandla ngokudla kwesikhathi.

Izinqamuzi, ijointi, neclampi ezihlanza iqiniso elide lezenzo zezinhlelo zemifinyezelo nasezintshontsheni

Izinqamuzi nezibindi ezilungile kakhulu zisebenzisa izinye zezinkinga zokugcina ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele phakathi kwezihlwebo, okwenzela ukuthi ukuxhasana kube ngcono futhi kuthintele ukuthi i-oxidation iphinde iphinde kube yinkimbinkimbi ekhathazekayo. Izixhobo ezilungile kufuneka zilondolose ukulawula kwazo kuze kube yakho nge-2%, nakaphi na kumele kube khona ukugcinelwa okukhathazekayo kusuka kumshudu wamandla. Iclamp engeniselwe kahle iyabela ukugcinelwa phakathi kwezihlwebo zonke eziqinile ngendlela engalivaleki esinye isikhundla lapho kungaba khona inkinga ekugcineni. Amabheshi aphatha ukuchithwa, njenge-galvanization engezansi, ayakha lezinto kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinkangala ezintathu emasabhaleni amaningi. Ngokwesiqephu sezempilo sePonemon Institute ye-2023 ngemfundo yokulawula kwe-grid, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezilungile kakhulu ekulindeleni ukuthinta kuyahlulela izindleko zokuhlela kakhulu, ihlola ngaproximately amakhulu angu-740 ngonyaka ngalinye ngalokhulu amayili angu-100 ahleliwe. Kunezinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezingaqondwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi lezi zixhobo zifuna kanjani ngokudla.

• Ukugcinwa kwegunyathiwe ngokulinganayo ekubekeni izulu ukungahleki izihlukahluka
• Ukumelana nokushisa okufanayo nokunyusa kwamandla
• Ukutholakala kwezinhloso zemifazwe yokumelana enzima ububi bezinkinga ezingenamandla
• Izinto ezithile ze-polymers eziphatha izigaba zokungahleki kwebaleni

Izindlela Ezilungileyo Zokufaka Izixhobo ZeGuni Lezenzo Nokunikela Iziphikiswa Ezifana

Ukufakwa okulungile: Ukuphatha i-torque, ukulungelelanisa, nokuphatha ubudlelwane

Ukufakwa okucacile kwezixhobo zeGuni Lezenzo kudinga ukulandela kahle imithetho ethathu ebalulekileyo:

1. Imigomo ye-torque : Ukuncipha kwe-torque kuthinta ukuzulwa; ukuphepha kakhulu kuhlela izinto ezizulwini. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezimele ukuqinisekisa amandla ahlinzeki nguqhamuka.
2. Ukwahlukaniswa Kwegcine : Izixhobo ezingalunganga zibangela ukuthintana okungalunganga. Qinisekisa isimo ngezilinganiso ngexesha lokufakwa kunye nangesi ngemuva kwemeko yendalo.
3. Ukuphatha ukugcinwa : Funda amarodhi okuphatha noma izikhwama zokuphazanyiswa lapho kunezinyawo eziphazanyiswa ngomoya noma kuziphakamisa kwegcobo ukuze kuvikeleke ukuthembeka.

Ukuzivikela ukungafani kwemikhondo nokukhethwa okungafani okwenzela ukuthintana kwezixwayiso

Lapho imikhondo eyahlukene njengezinkawu zamalima ihlangana nezixwayiso zasekophini emanzini, kusuke kube khona ukucodwa ngokuxhumana komoya futhi kwenza izinto zitheme ngokushesha. Kube yisidingo esibalulekile kubo bonke abasebenzisa izinhlelo zezinhlelo ukukhetha izixwayiso ezinzulwa ngemikhondo efanayo noma ngaleyo enezigaba zokuphepha eziyisisekelwe. Lokhu kufanalo kusekelwe ekukhetheni ukuthi izilinganiso zokukhazimula zezixwayiso zifanele lokho kuzodingeka kuzofakazwa khona. Izilinganiso zomoya zihlukana phakathi kwezindawo, kanjalo nezinga lezincoba ngemvulo. Ngokwesicelo sikaNESC esendulo, umbala omusha (ngaphezu kuka-42%) wazo zonke izinkinga ngezinhlelo zezinhlelo zazihluka kakhulu kanti zaziyizixwayiso ezingekho zokukhazimula kakhulu kulo msebenti.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iziziphambo zejwayelelo zomthwalo yiziphi?

Izixhobo zomgudu wamandla, ezaziwa ngokuba yizixhobo ze-electrical, zizinto ezibekwe ukuxhuma, ukuthutha nokuphatha izwire ezisetyenziswayo kumgudu wamandla ophakathi kwesikade.

Kutheni ukulungiswa kubalulekile kuzixhobo zomgudu wamandla?

Ukulungiswa kuzixhobo zomgudu wamandla kuyincazelo lokuba konke okungapheleleyo kuhamba phantsi kwentliziyo, ukuphatha i-equipment nakabantu ukukhokeleka kwamandla amathuba.

Ukuthini izixhobo zomgudu wamandla ziqhubeka ngazo ekugcineni ubunzima bokusebenza?

Izixhobo ziya kunciphisa ubunzima ngokulungisa izixhobo kumthwalo omkhulu, umoya obuthanda, nesibhenkulu sokucindezela, ngakho ke ukuvikela ukungcoliswa kwesithuthi.

Ziziphi iindlela zezixhobo zomgudu wamandla?

Ezinye iindlela ezibalulekileyo zezixhobo zomgudu wamandla ziquka izixhobo zokuphumula, izixhobo zokuthintana, izixhobo zokuphela, izixhobo zokugcina, nezixhobo zokuxhuma, kunye nezinye.

Ziziphi iindlela eziphiloselwayo yokufaka izixhobo zomgudu wamandla?

Izindlela ezinhle zokufaka izinto zokubopha izintambo zikagesi zihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwe-torque efanele, ukuqondanisa okufanele, nokuphatha ukucindezelwa ukuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa ukukhathala.